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Linux 6.18.37 · Architecture

ARM64 CPU Feature Registers

HWCAP_CPUID로 광고되는 AArch64 ID/feature register userspace ABI, system-wide safe 값, MRS emulation, 공개 field와 sample program을 설명합니다.

Source pathDocumentation/arch/arm64/cpu-feature-registers.rst
Source versionLinux v6.18.37
TranslationDUJINLABS 전문 번역 + 해설

요약·해설과 원문, 전문 번역을 서로 분리했습니다. API 이름, symbol, source path는 원문 표기를 사용합니다.

1. 요약·해설

원문의 핵심 논리와 kernel programming 관점의 보충 설명입니다. 아래의 전문 번역과는 별도로 작성했습니다.

요약과 해설

cpu-feature-registers.rst:1-419

이 ABI는 EL0의 제한된 `MRS`를 kernel이 emulate해 userspace에 CPU feature 정보를 제공합니다. Heterogeneous CPU에서도 안전하도록 대부분의 field는 system-wide 최소 공통값이며, 보안상 불필요하거나 kernel이 지원하지 않는 기능은 숨깁니다.

CPU feature register 읽기 경로
`HWCAP_CPUID` 확인EL0에서 `MRS` 실행Exception handler지원 register 판별Mask + system-wide safe 값Userspace 반환

`HWCAP_CPUID` 확인부터 안전한 register 값 반환까지의 흐름입니다.

Field 반환 규칙
Field 종류반환 값목적
IMPLEMENTATION DEFINED`0`구현 정보 비공개
ReservedArchitecture reserved 값ABI 일관성
VisibleSystem-wide safe 값모든 CPU에서 안전
Invisible기능 없음 값불필요한 정보 차단
MIDR_EL1 visible읽은 CPU의 실제 값CPU 식별

원본 hardware 값이 그대로 노출되는 것은 아닙니다.

2. 영어 원문 전체

번역 기준이 된 Linux v6.18.37 원문입니다. 줄 번호는 이 버전의 파일 좌표입니다.

원문 전체 펼치기
1 ===========================
2 ARM64 CPU Feature Registers
3 ===========================
4
5 Author: Suzuki K Poulose <[email protected]>
6
7
8 This file describes the ABI for exporting the AArch64 CPU ID/feature
9 registers to userspace. The availability of this ABI is advertised
10 via the HWCAP_CPUID in HWCAPs.
11
12 1. Motivation
13 -------------
14
15 The ARM architecture defines a set of feature registers, which describe
16 the capabilities of the CPU/system. Access to these system registers is
17 restricted from EL0 and there is no reliable way for an application to
18 extract this information to make better decisions at runtime. There is
19 limited information available to the application via HWCAPs, however
20 there are some issues with their usage.
21
22 a) Any change to the HWCAPs requires an update to userspace (e.g libc)
23 to detect the new changes, which can take a long time to appear in
24 distributions. Exposing the registers allows applications to get the
25 information without requiring updates to the toolchains.
26
27 b) Access to HWCAPs is sometimes limited (e.g prior to libc, or
28 when ld is initialised at startup time).
29
30 c) HWCAPs cannot represent non-boolean information effectively. The
31 architecture defines a canonical format for representing features
32 in the ID registers; this is well defined and is capable of
33 representing all valid architecture variations.
34
35
36 2. Requirements
37 ---------------
38
39 a) Safety:
40
41 Applications should be able to use the information provided by the
42 infrastructure to run safely across the system. This has greater
43 implications on a system with heterogeneous CPUs.
44 The infrastructure exports a value that is safe across all the
45 available CPU on the system.
46
47 e.g, If at least one CPU doesn't implement CRC32 instructions, while
48 others do, we should report that the CRC32 is not implemented.
49 Otherwise an application could crash when scheduled on the CPU
50 which doesn't support CRC32.
51
52 b) Security:
53
54 Applications should only be able to receive information that is
55 relevant to the normal operation in userspace. Hence, some of the
56 fields are masked out(i.e, made invisible) and their values are set to
57 indicate the feature is 'not supported'. See Section 4 for the list
58 of visible features. Also, the kernel may manipulate the fields
59 based on what it supports. e.g, If FP is not supported by the
60 kernel, the values could indicate that the FP is not available
61 (even when the CPU provides it).
62
63 c) Implementation Defined Features
64
65 The infrastructure doesn't expose any register which is
66 IMPLEMENTATION DEFINED as per ARMv8-A Architecture.
67
68 d) CPU Identification:
69
70 MIDR_EL1 is exposed to help identify the processor. On a
71 heterogeneous system, this could be racy (just like getcpu()). The
72 process could be migrated to another CPU by the time it uses the
73 register value, unless the CPU affinity is set. Hence, there is no
74 guarantee that the value reflects the processor that it is
75 currently executing on. REVIDR and AIDR are not exposed due to this
76 constraint, as these registers only make sense in conjunction with
77 the MIDR. Alternately, MIDR_EL1, REVIDR_EL1, and AIDR_EL1 are exposed
78 via sysfs at::
79
80 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu$ID/regs/identification/
81 \- midr_el1
82 \- revidr_el1
83 \- aidr_el1
84
85 3. Implementation
86 --------------------
87
88 The infrastructure is built on the emulation of the 'MRS' instruction.
89 Accessing a restricted system register from an application generates an
90 exception and ends up in SIGILL being delivered to the process.
91 The infrastructure hooks into the exception handler and emulates the
92 operation if the source belongs to the supported system register space.
93
94 The infrastructure emulates only the following system register space::
95
96 Op0=3, Op1=0, CRn=0, CRm=0,2,3,4,5,6,7
97
98 (See Table C5-6 'System instruction encodings for non-Debug System
99 register accesses' in ARMv8 ARM DDI 0487A.h, for the list of
100 registers).
101
102 The following rules are applied to the value returned by the
103 infrastructure:
104
105 a) The value of an 'IMPLEMENTATION DEFINED' field is set to 0.
106 b) The value of a reserved field is populated with the reserved
107 value as defined by the architecture.
108 c) The value of a 'visible' field holds the system wide safe value
109 for the particular feature (except for MIDR_EL1, see section 4).
110 d) All other fields (i.e, invisible fields) are set to indicate
111 the feature is missing (as defined by the architecture).
112
113 4. List of registers with visible features
114 -------------------------------------------
115
116 1) ID_AA64ISAR0_EL1 - Instruction Set Attribute Register 0
117
118 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
119 | Name | bits | visible |
120 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
121 | RNDR | [63-60] | y |
122 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
123 | TS | [55-52] | y |
124 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
125 | FHM | [51-48] | y |
126 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
127 | DP | [47-44] | y |
128 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
129 | SM4 | [43-40] | y |
130 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
131 | SM3 | [39-36] | y |
132 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
133 | SHA3 | [35-32] | y |
134 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
135 | RDM | [31-28] | y |
136 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
137 | ATOMICS | [23-20] | y |
138 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
139 | CRC32 | [19-16] | y |
140 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
141 | SHA2 | [15-12] | y |
142 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
143 | SHA1 | [11-8] | y |
144 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
145 | AES | [7-4] | y |
146 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
147
148
149 2) ID_AA64PFR0_EL1 - Processor Feature Register 0
150
151 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
152 | Name | bits | visible |
153 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
154 | DIT | [51-48] | y |
155 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
156 | MPAM | [43-40] | n |
157 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
158 | SVE | [35-32] | y |
159 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
160 | GIC | [27-24] | n |
161 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
162 | AdvSIMD | [23-20] | y |
163 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
164 | FP | [19-16] | y |
165 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
166 | EL3 | [15-12] | n |
167 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
168 | EL2 | [11-8] | n |
169 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
170 | EL1 | [7-4] | n |
171 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
172 | EL0 | [3-0] | n |
173 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
174
175
176 3) ID_AA64PFR1_EL1 - Processor Feature Register 1
177
178 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
179 | Name | bits | visible |
180 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
181 | SME | [27-24] | y |
182 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
183 | MTE | [11-8] | y |
184 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
185 | SSBS | [7-4] | y |
186 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
187 | BT | [3-0] | y |
188 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
189
190
191 4) MIDR_EL1 - Main ID Register
192
193 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
194 | Name | bits | visible |
195 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
196 | Implementer | [31-24] | y |
197 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
198 | Variant | [23-20] | y |
199 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
200 | Architecture | [19-16] | y |
201 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
202 | PartNum | [15-4] | y |
203 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
204 | Revision | [3-0] | y |
205 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
206
207 NOTE: The 'visible' fields of MIDR_EL1 will contain the value
208 as available on the CPU where it is fetched and is not a system
209 wide safe value.
210
211 5) ID_AA64ISAR1_EL1 - Instruction set attribute register 1
212
213 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
214 | Name | bits | visible |
215 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
216 | I8MM | [55-52] | y |
217 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
218 | DGH | [51-48] | y |
219 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
220 | BF16 | [47-44] | y |
221 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
222 | SB | [39-36] | y |
223 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
224 | FRINTTS | [35-32] | y |
225 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
226 | GPI | [31-28] | y |
227 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
228 | GPA | [27-24] | y |
229 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
230 | LRCPC | [23-20] | y |
231 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
232 | FCMA | [19-16] | y |
233 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
234 | JSCVT | [15-12] | y |
235 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
236 | API | [11-8] | y |
237 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
238 | APA | [7-4] | y |
239 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
240 | DPB | [3-0] | y |
241 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
242
243 6) ID_AA64MMFR0_EL1 - Memory model feature register 0
244
245 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
246 | Name | bits | visible |
247 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
248 | ECV | [63-60] | y |
249 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
250
251 7) ID_AA64MMFR2_EL1 - Memory model feature register 2
252
253 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
254 | Name | bits | visible |
255 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
256 | AT | [35-32] | y |
257 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
258
259 8) ID_AA64ZFR0_EL1 - SVE feature ID register 0
260
261 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
262 | Name | bits | visible |
263 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
264 | F64MM | [59-56] | y |
265 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
266 | F32MM | [55-52] | y |
267 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
268 | I8MM | [47-44] | y |
269 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
270 | SM4 | [43-40] | y |
271 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
272 | SHA3 | [35-32] | y |
273 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
274 | B16B16 | [27-24] | y |
275 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
276 | BF16 | [23-20] | y |
277 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
278 | BitPerm | [19-16] | y |
279 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
280 | AES | [7-4] | y |
281 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
282 | SVEVer | [3-0] | y |
283 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
284
285 8) ID_AA64MMFR1_EL1 - Memory model feature register 1
286
287 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
288 | Name | bits | visible |
289 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
290 | AFP | [47-44] | y |
291 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
292
293 9) ID_AA64ISAR2_EL1 - Instruction set attribute register 2
294
295 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
296 | Name | bits | visible |
297 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
298 | CSSC | [55-52] | y |
299 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
300 | RPRFM | [51-48] | y |
301 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
302 | BC | [23-20] | y |
303 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
304 | MOPS | [19-16] | y |
305 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
306 | APA3 | [15-12] | y |
307 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
308 | GPA3 | [11-8] | y |
309 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
310 | RPRES | [7-4] | y |
311 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
312 | WFXT | [3-0] | y |
313 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
314
315 10) MVFR0_EL1 - AArch32 Media and VFP Feature Register 0
316
317 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
318 | Name | bits | visible |
319 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
320 | FPDP | [11-8] | y |
321 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
322
323 11) MVFR1_EL1 - AArch32 Media and VFP Feature Register 1
324
325 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
326 | Name | bits | visible |
327 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
328 | SIMDFMAC | [31-28] | y |
329 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
330 | SIMDSP | [19-16] | y |
331 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
332 | SIMDInt | [15-12] | y |
333 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
334 | SIMDLS | [11-8] | y |
335 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
336
337 12) ID_ISAR5_EL1 - AArch32 Instruction Set Attribute Register 5
338
339 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
340 | Name | bits | visible |
341 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
342 | CRC32 | [19-16] | y |
343 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
344 | SHA2 | [15-12] | y |
345 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
346 | SHA1 | [11-8] | y |
347 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
348 | AES | [7-4] | y |
349 +------------------------------+---------+---------+
350
351
352 Appendix I: Example
353 -------------------
354
355 ::
356
357 /*
358 * Sample program to demonstrate the MRS emulation ABI.
359 *
360 * Copyright (C) 2015-2016, ARM Ltd
361 *
362 * Author: Suzuki K Poulose <[email protected]>
363 *
364 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
365 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
366 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
367 *
368 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
369 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
370 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
371 * GNU General Public License for more details.
372 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
373 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
374 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
375 *
376 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
377 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
378 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
379 * GNU General Public License for more details.
380 */
381
382 #include <asm/hwcap.h>
383 #include <stdio.h>
384 #include <sys/auxv.h>
385
386 #define get_cpu_ftr(id) ({ \
387 unsigned long __val; \
388 asm("mrs %0, "#id : "=r" (__val)); \
389 printf("%-20s: 0x%016lx\n", #id, __val); \
390 })
391
392 int main(void)
393 {
394
395 if (!(getauxval(AT_HWCAP) & HWCAP_CPUID)) {
396 fputs("CPUID registers unavailable\n", stderr);
397 return 1;
398 }
399
400 get_cpu_ftr(ID_AA64ISAR0_EL1);
401 get_cpu_ftr(ID_AA64ISAR1_EL1);
402 get_cpu_ftr(ID_AA64MMFR0_EL1);
403 get_cpu_ftr(ID_AA64MMFR1_EL1);
404 get_cpu_ftr(ID_AA64PFR0_EL1);
405 get_cpu_ftr(ID_AA64PFR1_EL1);
406 get_cpu_ftr(ID_AA64DFR0_EL1);
407 get_cpu_ftr(ID_AA64DFR1_EL1);
408
409 get_cpu_ftr(MIDR_EL1);
410 get_cpu_ftr(MPIDR_EL1);
411 get_cpu_ftr(REVIDR_EL1);
412
413 #if 0
414 /* Unexposed register access causes SIGILL */
415 get_cpu_ftr(ID_MMFR0_EL1);
416 #endif
417
418 return 0;
419 }
420

3. 한국어 전문 번역

영어 원문의 문단 순서와 의미를 유지한 전체 번역입니다. 코드, 함수명, symbol과 URL은 원문 표기를 유지합니다.

문서 목적과 ABI 광고

1-10

문서 제목은 `ARM64 CPU Feature Registers`, 작성자는 Suzuki K Poulose `<[email protected]>`입니다.

이 문서는 AArch64 CPU ID/feature register를 userspace에 내보내는 ABI를 설명합니다. 이 ABI의 가용성은 HWCAP의 `HWCAP_CPUID`로 광고됩니다.

도입 동기

11-35

Arm architecture는 CPU와 system의 능력을 설명하는 feature register 집합을 정의하지만, EL0에서 이 system register 접근은 제한됩니다. 따라서 application이 runtime에 더 나은 결정을 내리기 위해 정보를 안정적으로 추출할 방법이 없습니다. HWCAP도 일부 정보를 제공하지만 다음 한계가 있습니다.

  • HWCAP 변경을 감지하려면 libc 같은 userspace 갱신이 필요하고, distribution에 반영되기까지 오래 걸릴 수 있습니다. Register를 공개하면 toolchain 갱신 없이 application이 정보를 얻을 수 있습니다.
  • libc보다 앞선 실행 단계나 startup 중 ld 초기화 시점처럼 HWCAP 접근이 제한되는 경우가 있습니다.
  • HWCAP은 boolean이 아닌 정보를 효과적으로 표현하지 못합니다. 반면 ID register의 architecture 표준 형식은 모든 유효한 architecture 변형을 표현할 수 있습니다.

안전성·보안·구현 정의 기능

36-67

안전성 요구사항은 제공된 정보로 application이 system 전체 CPU에서 안전하게 실행될 수 있어야 한다는 것입니다. 이 조건은 heterogeneous CPU system에서 특히 중요하므로 infrastructure는 모든 가용 CPU에 안전한 system-wide 값을 내보냅니다.

예를 들어 일부 CPU만 CRC32 instruction을 지원한다면 CRC32가 구현되지 않은 것으로 보고해야 합니다. 그렇지 않으면 application이 CRC32 미지원 CPU에 schedule될 때 crash할 수 있습니다.

보안을 위해 userspace 정상 동작에 필요한 정보만 공개합니다. 일부 field는 보이지 않게 mask하고 architecture가 정의한 `not supported` 값으로 설정합니다. 공개 field 목록은 4절에 있으며, kernel이 실제로 지원하는 범위에 맞춰 값도 조정할 수 있습니다. CPU가 FP를 제공해도 kernel이 FP를 지원하지 않으면 FP를 사용할 수 없는 값으로 보일 수 있습니다.

Armv8-A Architecture에서 `IMPLEMENTATION DEFINED`로 정의된 register는 이 infrastructure가 공개하지 않습니다.

CPU 식별과 sysfs

68-84

`MIDR_EL1`은 processor 식별을 돕기 위해 공개됩니다. Heterogeneous system에서는 `getcpu()`와 마찬가지로 race가 생길 수 있습니다. CPU affinity를 고정하지 않으면 값을 사용하기 전에 process가 다른 CPU로 migration될 수 있으므로, 읽은 값이 현재 실행 중인 processor를 반영한다는 보장은 없습니다.

`REVIDR`와 `AIDR`은 `MIDR`과 함께 사용해야 의미가 있어 이 ABI에서는 공개하지 않습니다. 대신 `MIDR_EL1`, `REVIDR_EL1`, `AIDR_EL1`은 다음 CPU별 sysfs 경로로 공개됩니다.

/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu$ID/regs/identification/
                                              \- midr_el1
                                              \- revidr_el1
                                              \- aidr_el1

MRS emulation 구현과 반환 규칙

85-112

이 infrastructure는 `MRS` instruction emulation 위에 구현됩니다. Application이 제한된 system register에 접근하면 exception이 발생하고 보통 process에 `SIGILL`이 전달됩니다. Kernel은 exception handler에 연결되어 source가 지원 system-register 공간에 속하면 operation을 emulate합니다.

Emulation 대상 system-register 공간은 다음과 같습니다.

Op0=3, Op1=0, CRn=0, CRm=0,2,3,4,5,6,7

ARMv8 ARM `DDI 0487A.h`의 Table C5-6, `System instruction encodings for non-Debug System register accesses`에서 register 목록을 확인할 수 있습니다.

  • `IMPLEMENTATION DEFINED` field 값은 `0`으로 설정합니다.
  • Reserved field는 architecture가 정의한 reserved 값으로 채웁니다.
  • 공개 field는 특정 기능의 system-wide safe 값을 가집니다. 단 `MIDR_EL1`은 4절의 예외를 따릅니다.
  • 그 밖의 비공개 field는 architecture 정의에 따라 기능이 없음을 나타내는 값으로 설정합니다.

공개 feature register 1-4

113-210

다음 표는 EL0에 보이는 field를 원문 순서대로 정리합니다. `비공개` field는 userspace 정상 동작에 필요하지 않아 mask됩니다.

`ID_AA64ISAR0_EL1` - Instruction Set Attribute Register 0

필드비트EL0 공개
`RNDR``[63-60]`공개
`TS``[55-52]`공개
`FHM``[51-48]`공개
`DP``[47-44]`공개
`SM4``[43-40]`공개
`SM3``[39-36]`공개
`SHA3``[35-32]`공개
`RDM``[31-28]`공개
`ATOMICS``[23-20]`공개
`CRC32``[19-16]`공개
`SHA2``[15-12]`공개
`SHA1``[11-8]`공개
`AES``[7-4]`공개

`ID_AA64PFR0_EL1` - Processor Feature Register 0

필드비트EL0 공개
`DIT``[51-48]`공개
`MPAM``[43-40]`비공개
`SVE``[35-32]`공개
`GIC``[27-24]`비공개
`AdvSIMD``[23-20]`공개
`FP``[19-16]`공개
`EL3``[15-12]`비공개
`EL2``[11-8]`비공개
`EL1``[7-4]`비공개
`EL0``[3-0]`비공개

`ID_AA64PFR1_EL1` - Processor Feature Register 1

필드비트EL0 공개
`SME``[27-24]`공개
`MTE``[11-8]`공개
`SSBS``[7-4]`공개
`BT``[3-0]`공개

`MIDR_EL1` - Main ID Register

필드비트EL0 공개
`Implementer``[31-24]`공개
`Variant``[23-20]`공개
`Architecture``[19-16]`공개
`PartNum``[15-4]`공개
`Revision``[3-0]`공개

`MIDR_EL1`의 공개 field는 읽기를 수행한 CPU의 실제 값을 포함하며 system-wide safe 값이 아닙니다.

공개 feature register 5-12

211-350

나머지 공개 register와 field도 원문 순서와 bit 위치를 그대로 보존합니다. 원문의 번호는 `ID_AA64ZFR0_EL1`과 `ID_AA64MMFR1_EL1`에 모두 8번을 사용하지만, 여기서는 register 이름을 기준으로 구분합니다.

`ID_AA64ISAR1_EL1` - Instruction Set Attribute Register 1

필드비트EL0 공개
`I8MM``[55-52]`공개
`DGH``[51-48]`공개
`BF16``[47-44]`공개
`SB``[39-36]`공개
`FRINTTS``[35-32]`공개
`GPI``[31-28]`공개
`GPA``[27-24]`공개
`LRCPC``[23-20]`공개
`FCMA``[19-16]`공개
`JSCVT``[15-12]`공개
`API``[11-8]`공개
`APA``[7-4]`공개
`DPB``[3-0]`공개

`ID_AA64MMFR0_EL1` - Memory Model Feature Register 0

필드비트EL0 공개
`ECV``[63-60]`공개

`ID_AA64MMFR2_EL1` - Memory Model Feature Register 2

필드비트EL0 공개
`AT``[35-32]`공개

`ID_AA64ZFR0_EL1` - SVE Feature ID Register 0

필드비트EL0 공개
`F64MM``[59-56]`공개
`F32MM``[55-52]`공개
`I8MM``[47-44]`공개
`SM4``[43-40]`공개
`SHA3``[35-32]`공개
`B16B16``[27-24]`공개
`BF16``[23-20]`공개
`BitPerm``[19-16]`공개
`AES``[7-4]`공개
`SVEVer``[3-0]`공개

`ID_AA64MMFR1_EL1` - Memory Model Feature Register 1

필드비트EL0 공개
`AFP``[47-44]`공개

`ID_AA64ISAR2_EL1` - Instruction Set Attribute Register 2

필드비트EL0 공개
`CSSC``[55-52]`공개
`RPRFM``[51-48]`공개
`BC``[23-20]`공개
`MOPS``[19-16]`공개
`APA3``[15-12]`공개
`GPA3``[11-8]`공개
`RPRES``[7-4]`공개
`WFXT``[3-0]`공개

`MVFR0_EL1` - AArch32 Media and VFP Feature Register 0

필드비트EL0 공개
`FPDP``[11-8]`공개

`MVFR1_EL1` - AArch32 Media and VFP Feature Register 1

필드비트EL0 공개
`SIMDFMAC``[31-28]`공개
`SIMDSP``[19-16]`공개
`SIMDInt``[15-12]`공개
`SIMDLS``[11-8]`공개

`ID_ISAR5_EL1` - AArch32 Instruction Set Attribute Register 5

필드비트EL0 공개
`CRC32``[19-16]`공개
`SHA2``[15-12]`공개
`SHA1``[11-8]`공개
`AES``[7-4]`공개

MRS emulation ABI 예제

351-419

부록의 sample program은 `getauxval(AT_HWCAP)`에서 `HWCAP_CPUID`를 먼저 확인한 뒤 inline assembly의 `mrs`로 ID register를 읽습니다. 공개되지 않은 `ID_MMFR0_EL1` 접근은 `SIGILL`을 일으키므로 `#if 0`으로 비활성화되어 있습니다.

/*
 * Sample program to demonstrate the MRS emulation ABI.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2015-2016, ARM Ltd
 *
 * Author: Suzuki K Poulose <[email protected]>
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 */

#include <asm/hwcap.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/auxv.h>

#define get_cpu_ftr(id) ({                                        \
              unsigned long __val;                                \
              asm("mrs %0, "#id : "=r" (__val));                \
              printf("%-20s: 0x%016lx\n", #id, __val);        \
      })

int main(void)
{

      if (!(getauxval(AT_HWCAP) & HWCAP_CPUID)) {
              fputs("CPUID registers unavailable\n", stderr);
              return 1;
      }

      get_cpu_ftr(ID_AA64ISAR0_EL1);
      get_cpu_ftr(ID_AA64ISAR1_EL1);
      get_cpu_ftr(ID_AA64MMFR0_EL1);
      get_cpu_ftr(ID_AA64MMFR1_EL1);
      get_cpu_ftr(ID_AA64PFR0_EL1);
      get_cpu_ftr(ID_AA64PFR1_EL1);
      get_cpu_ftr(ID_AA64DFR0_EL1);
      get_cpu_ftr(ID_AA64DFR1_EL1);

      get_cpu_ftr(MIDR_EL1);
      get_cpu_ftr(MPIDR_EL1);
      get_cpu_ftr(REVIDR_EL1);

#if 0
      /* Unexposed register access causes SIGILL */
      get_cpu_ftr(ID_MMFR0_EL1);
#endif

      return 0;
}