← Documents Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-g-fbuf.rst GitHub 원문 ↗

Linux 6.18.37 · 사용자 공간 API

VIDIOC_G_FBUF·VIDIOC_S_FBUF ioctl

Video Overlay와 Video Output Overlay의 framebuffer 매개변수, 메모리 배치, chroma-key·alpha blending capability와 제어 flag 및 legacy destructive overlay 규칙을 설명합니다.

Source pathDocumentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-g-fbuf.rst
Source versionLinux v6.18.37
TranslationDUJINLABS 전문 번역 + 해설

요약·해설과 원문, 전문 번역을 서로 분리했습니다. API 이름, symbol, source path는 원문 표기를 사용합니다.

1. 요약·해설

원문의 핵심 논리와 kernel programming 관점의 보충 설명입니다. 아래의 전문 번역과는 별도로 작성했습니다.

요약·해설

vidioc-g-fbuf.rst:1-331

Video Overlay와 Video Output Overlay의 framebuffer 매개변수, 메모리 배치, chroma-key·alpha blending capability와 제어 flag 및 legacy destructive overlay 규칙을 설명합니다.

2. 영어 원문 전체

번역 기준이 된 Linux v6.18.37 원문입니다. 줄 번호는 이 버전의 파일 좌표입니다.

원문 전체 펼치기
1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
2 .. c:namespace:: V4L
3
4 .. _VIDIOC_G_FBUF:
5
6 **********************************
7 ioctl VIDIOC_G_FBUF, VIDIOC_S_FBUF
8 **********************************
9
10 Name
11 ====
12
13 VIDIOC_G_FBUF - VIDIOC_S_FBUF - Get or set frame buffer overlay parameters
14
15 Synopsis
16 ========
17
18 .. c:macro:: VIDIOC_G_FBUF
19
20 ``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_G_FBUF, struct v4l2_framebuffer *argp)``
21
22 .. c:macro:: VIDIOC_S_FBUF
23
24 ``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_S_FBUF, const struct v4l2_framebuffer *argp)``
25
26 Arguments
27 =========
28
29 ``fd``
30 File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
31
32 ``argp``
33 Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_framebuffer`.
34
35 Description
36 ===========
37
38 Applications can use the :ref:`VIDIOC_G_FBUF <VIDIOC_G_FBUF>` and :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FBUF <VIDIOC_G_FBUF>` ioctl
39 to get and set the framebuffer parameters for a
40 :ref:`Video Overlay <overlay>` or :ref:`Video Output Overlay <osd>`
41 (OSD). The type of overlay is implied by the device type (capture or
42 output device) and can be determined with the
43 :ref:`VIDIOC_QUERYCAP` ioctl. One ``/dev/videoN``
44 device must not support both kinds of overlay.
45
46 The V4L2 API distinguishes destructive and non-destructive overlays. A
47 destructive overlay copies captured video images into the video memory
48 of a graphics card. A non-destructive overlay blends video images into a
49 VGA signal or graphics into a video signal. *Video Output Overlays* are
50 always non-destructive.
51
52 Destructive overlay support has been removed: with modern GPUs and CPUs
53 this is no longer needed, and it was always a very dangerous feature.
54
55 To get the current parameters applications call the :ref:`VIDIOC_G_FBUF <VIDIOC_G_FBUF>`
56 ioctl with a pointer to a struct :c:type:`v4l2_framebuffer`
57 structure. The driver fills all fields of the structure or returns an
58 EINVAL error code when overlays are not supported.
59
60 To set the parameters for a *Video Output Overlay*, applications must
61 initialize the ``flags`` field of a struct
62 :c:type:`v4l2_framebuffer`. Since the framebuffer is
63 implemented on the TV card all other parameters are determined by the
64 driver. When an application calls :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FBUF <VIDIOC_G_FBUF>` with a pointer to
65 this structure, the driver prepares for the overlay and returns the
66 framebuffer parameters as :ref:`VIDIOC_G_FBUF <VIDIOC_G_FBUF>` does, or it returns an error
67 code.
68
69 To set the parameters for a *Video Capture Overlay*
70 applications must initialize the ``flags`` field, the ``fmt``
71 substructure, and call :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FBUF <VIDIOC_G_FBUF>`. Again the driver prepares for
72 the overlay and returns the framebuffer parameters as :ref:`VIDIOC_G_FBUF <VIDIOC_G_FBUF>`
73 does, or it returns an error code.
74
75 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{3.5cm}|p{3.5cm}|p{3.5cm}|p{6.6cm}|
76
77 .. c:type:: v4l2_framebuffer
78
79 .. cssclass:: longtable
80
81 .. flat-table:: struct v4l2_framebuffer
82 :header-rows: 0
83 :stub-columns: 0
84 :widths: 1 1 1 2
85
86 * - __u32
87 - ``capability``
88 -
89 - Overlay capability flags set by the driver, see
90 :ref:`framebuffer-cap`.
91 * - __u32
92 - ``flags``
93 -
94 - Overlay control flags set by application and driver, see
95 :ref:`framebuffer-flags`
96 * - void *
97 - ``base``
98 -
99 - Physical base address of the framebuffer, that is the address of
100 the pixel in the top left corner of the framebuffer.
101 For :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FBUF <VIDIOC_G_FBUF>` this field is no longer supported
102 and the kernel will always set this to NULL.
103 For *Video Output Overlays*
104 the driver will return a valid base address, so applications can
105 find the corresponding Linux framebuffer device (see
106 :ref:`osd`). For *Video Capture Overlays* this field will always be
107 NULL.
108 * - struct
109 - ``fmt``
110 -
111 - Layout of the frame buffer.
112 * -
113 - __u32
114 - ``width``
115 - Width of the frame buffer in pixels.
116 * -
117 - __u32
118 - ``height``
119 - Height of the frame buffer in pixels.
120 * -
121 - __u32
122 - ``pixelformat``
123 - The pixel format of the framebuffer.
124 * -
125 -
126 -
127 - For *non-destructive Video Overlays* this field only defines a
128 format for the struct :c:type:`v4l2_window`
129 ``chromakey`` field.
130 * -
131 -
132 -
133 - For *Video Output Overlays* the driver must return a valid
134 format.
135 * -
136 -
137 -
138 - Usually this is an RGB format (for example
139 :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB565 <V4L2-PIX-FMT-RGB565>`) but YUV
140 formats (only packed YUV formats when chroma keying is used, not
141 including ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV`` and ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_UYVY``) and the
142 ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_PAL8`` format are also permitted. The behavior of
143 the driver when an application requests a compressed format is
144 undefined. See :ref:`pixfmt` for information on pixel formats.
145 * -
146 - enum :c:type:`v4l2_field`
147 - ``field``
148 - Drivers and applications shall ignore this field. If applicable,
149 the field order is selected with the
150 :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` ioctl, using the ``field``
151 field of struct :c:type:`v4l2_window`.
152 * -
153 - __u32
154 - ``bytesperline``
155 - Distance in bytes between the leftmost pixels in two adjacent
156 lines.
157 * - :cspan:`3`
158
159 This field is irrelevant to *non-destructive Video Overlays*.
160
161 For *Video Output Overlays* the driver must return a valid value.
162
163 Video hardware may access padding bytes, therefore they must
164 reside in accessible memory. Consider for example the case where
165 padding bytes after the last line of an image cross a system page
166 boundary. Capture devices may write padding bytes, the value is
167 undefined. Output devices ignore the contents of padding bytes.
168
169 When the image format is planar the ``bytesperline`` value applies
170 to the first plane and is divided by the same factor as the
171 ``width`` field for the other planes. For example the Cb and Cr
172 planes of a YUV 4:2:0 image have half as many padding bytes
173 following each line as the Y plane. To avoid ambiguities drivers
174 must return a ``bytesperline`` value rounded up to a multiple of
175 the scale factor.
176 * -
177 - __u32
178 - ``sizeimage``
179 - This field is irrelevant to *non-destructive Video Overlays*.
180 For *Video Output Overlays* the driver must return a valid
181 format.
182
183 Together with ``base`` it defines the framebuffer memory
184 accessible by the driver.
185 * -
186 - enum :c:type:`v4l2_colorspace`
187 - ``colorspace``
188 - This information supplements the ``pixelformat`` and must be set
189 by the driver, see :ref:`colorspaces`.
190 * -
191 - __u32
192 - ``priv``
193 - Reserved. Drivers and applications must set this field to zero.
194
195 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{7.4cm}|p{1.6cm}|p{8.3cm}|
196
197 .. _framebuffer-cap:
198
199 .. flat-table:: Frame Buffer Capability Flags
200 :header-rows: 0
201 :stub-columns: 0
202 :widths: 3 1 4
203
204 * - ``V4L2_FBUF_CAP_EXTERNOVERLAY``
205 - 0x0001
206 - The device is capable of non-destructive overlays. When the driver
207 clears this flag, only destructive overlays are supported. There
208 are no drivers yet which support both destructive and
209 non-destructive overlays. Video Output Overlays are in practice
210 always non-destructive.
211 * - ``V4L2_FBUF_CAP_CHROMAKEY``
212 - 0x0002
213 - The device supports clipping by chroma-keying the images. That is,
214 image pixels replace pixels in the VGA or video signal only where
215 the latter assume a certain color. Chroma-keying makes no sense
216 for destructive overlays.
217 * - ``V4L2_FBUF_CAP_LIST_CLIPPING``
218 - 0x0004
219 - The device supports clipping using a list of clip rectangles.
220 Note that this is no longer supported.
221 * - ``V4L2_FBUF_CAP_BITMAP_CLIPPING``
222 - 0x0008
223 - The device supports clipping using a bit mask.
224 Note that this is no longer supported.
225 * - ``V4L2_FBUF_CAP_LOCAL_ALPHA``
226 - 0x0010
227 - The device supports clipping/blending using the alpha channel of
228 the framebuffer or VGA signal. Alpha blending makes no sense for
229 destructive overlays.
230 * - ``V4L2_FBUF_CAP_GLOBAL_ALPHA``
231 - 0x0020
232 - The device supports alpha blending using a global alpha value.
233 Alpha blending makes no sense for destructive overlays.
234 * - ``V4L2_FBUF_CAP_LOCAL_INV_ALPHA``
235 - 0x0040
236 - The device supports clipping/blending using the inverted alpha
237 channel of the framebuffer or VGA signal. Alpha blending makes no
238 sense for destructive overlays.
239 * - ``V4L2_FBUF_CAP_SRC_CHROMAKEY``
240 - 0x0080
241 - The device supports Source Chroma-keying. Video pixels with the
242 chroma-key colors are replaced by framebuffer pixels, which is
243 exactly opposite of ``V4L2_FBUF_CAP_CHROMAKEY``
244
245 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{7.4cm}|p{1.6cm}|p{8.3cm}|
246
247 .. _framebuffer-flags:
248
249 .. cssclass:: longtable
250
251 .. flat-table:: Frame Buffer Flags
252 :header-rows: 0
253 :stub-columns: 0
254 :widths: 3 1 4
255
256 * - ``V4L2_FBUF_FLAG_PRIMARY``
257 - 0x0001
258 - The framebuffer is the primary graphics surface. In other words,
259 the overlay is destructive. This flag is typically set by any
260 driver that doesn't have the ``V4L2_FBUF_CAP_EXTERNOVERLAY``
261 capability and it is cleared otherwise.
262 * - ``V4L2_FBUF_FLAG_OVERLAY``
263 - 0x0002
264 - If this flag is set for a video capture device, then the driver
265 will set the initial overlay size to cover the full framebuffer
266 size, otherwise the existing overlay size (as set by
267 :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>`) will be used. Only one
268 video capture driver (bttv) supports this flag. The use of this
269 flag for capture devices is deprecated. There is no way to detect
270 which drivers support this flag, so the only reliable method of
271 setting the overlay size is through
272 :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>`. If this flag is set for a
273 video output device, then the video output overlay window is
274 relative to the top-left corner of the framebuffer and restricted
275 to the size of the framebuffer. If it is cleared, then the video
276 output overlay window is relative to the video output display.
277 * - ``V4L2_FBUF_FLAG_CHROMAKEY``
278 - 0x0004
279 - Use chroma-keying. The chroma-key color is determined by the
280 ``chromakey`` field of struct :c:type:`v4l2_window`
281 and negotiated with the :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>`
282 ioctl, see :ref:`overlay` and :ref:`osd`.
283 * - :cspan:`2` There are no flags to enable clipping using a list of
284 clip rectangles or a bitmap. These methods are negotiated with the
285 :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` ioctl, see :ref:`overlay`
286 and :ref:`osd`.
287 * - ``V4L2_FBUF_FLAG_LOCAL_ALPHA``
288 - 0x0008
289 - Use the alpha channel of the framebuffer to clip or blend
290 framebuffer pixels with video images. The blend function is:
291 output = framebuffer pixel * alpha + video pixel * (1 - alpha).
292 The actual alpha depth depends on the framebuffer pixel format.
293 * - ``V4L2_FBUF_FLAG_GLOBAL_ALPHA``
294 - 0x0010
295 - Use a global alpha value to blend the framebuffer with video
296 images. The blend function is: output = (framebuffer pixel * alpha
297 + video pixel * (255 - alpha)) / 255. The alpha value is
298 determined by the ``global_alpha`` field of struct
299 :c:type:`v4l2_window` and negotiated with the
300 :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` ioctl, see :ref:`overlay`
301 and :ref:`osd`.
302 * - ``V4L2_FBUF_FLAG_LOCAL_INV_ALPHA``
303 - 0x0020
304 - Like ``V4L2_FBUF_FLAG_LOCAL_ALPHA``, use the alpha channel of the
305 framebuffer to clip or blend framebuffer pixels with video images,
306 but with an inverted alpha value. The blend function is: output =
307 framebuffer pixel * (1 - alpha) + video pixel * alpha. The actual
308 alpha depth depends on the framebuffer pixel format.
309 * - ``V4L2_FBUF_FLAG_SRC_CHROMAKEY``
310 - 0x0040
311 - Use source chroma-keying. The source chroma-key color is
312 determined by the ``chromakey`` field of struct
313 :c:type:`v4l2_window` and negotiated with the
314 :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` ioctl, see :ref:`overlay`
315 and :ref:`osd`. Both chroma-keying are mutual exclusive to each
316 other, so same ``chromakey`` field of struct
317 :c:type:`v4l2_window` is being used.
318
319 Return Value
320 ============
321
322 On success 0 is returned, on error -1 and the ``errno`` variable is set
323 appropriately. The generic error codes are described at the
324 :ref:`Generic Error Codes <gen-errors>` chapter.
325
326 EPERM
327 :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FBUF <VIDIOC_G_FBUF>` can only be called by a privileged user to
328 negotiate the parameters for a destructive overlay.
329
330 EINVAL
331 The :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FBUF <VIDIOC_G_FBUF>` parameters are unsuitable.
332

3. 한국어 전문 번역

영어 원문의 문단 순서와 의미를 유지한 전체 번역입니다. 코드, 함수명, symbol과 URL은 원문 표기를 유지합니다.

목적, 호출 형식과 인자

1-34

`VIDIOC_G_FBUF`와 `VIDIOC_S_FBUF`는 Video Overlay 또는 Video Output Overlay(OSD)의 framebuffer 매개변수를 조회하거나 설정합니다. 두 명령은 `struct v4l2_framebuffer`를 사용하며, 설정 명령의 포인터는 `const`입니다.

framebuffer ioctl
명령호출 인자동작
`VIDIOC_G_FBUF``struct v4l2_framebuffer *argp`현재 overlay framebuffer 매개변수 조회
`VIDIOC_S_FBUF``const struct v4l2_framebuffer *argp`overlay framebuffer 매개변수 협상·설정

조회와 설정은 같은 구조체를 사용하지만 입력·출력 방향이 다릅니다.

`fd`는 `open()`이 반환한 파일 디스크립터이고 `argp`는 `v4l2_framebuffer` 구조체를 가리킵니다.

.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
.. c:namespace:: V4L

.. _VIDIOC_G_FBUF:

**********************************
ioctl VIDIOC_G_FBUF, VIDIOC_S_FBUF
**********************************

Name
====

VIDIOC_G_FBUF - VIDIOC_S_FBUF - Get or set frame buffer overlay parameters

Synopsis
========

.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_G_FBUF

``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_G_FBUF, struct v4l2_framebuffer *argp)``

.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_S_FBUF

``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_S_FBUF, const struct v4l2_framebuffer *argp)``

Arguments
=========

``fd``
    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.

``argp``
    Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_framebuffer`.

overlay 유형과 조회·설정 절차

35-74

overlay가 캡처용 Video Overlay인지 출력용 Video Output Overlay인지 여부는 장치 유형에 따라 정해지며 `VIDIOC_QUERYCAP`으로 확인합니다. 하나의 `/dev/videoN` 장치가 두 overlay 유형을 동시에 지원해서는 안 됩니다.

destructive overlay는 캡처 영상을 그래픽 카드 비디오 메모리에 복사합니다. non-destructive overlay는 비디오 영상을 VGA 신호에 합성하거나 그래픽을 비디오 신호에 합성합니다. Video Output Overlay는 항상 non-destructive입니다.

destructive overlay 지원은 제거되었습니다. 현대 GPU와 CPU에서는 필요하지 않고 원래부터 매우 위험한 기능이었기 때문입니다. 아래 capability와 flag에는 하위 호환성 및 개념 설명을 위한 관련 표식이 남아 있습니다.

현재 매개변수는 `v4l2_framebuffer` 포인터로 `VIDIOC_G_FBUF`를 호출해 읽습니다. 드라이버는 모든 필드를 채우며 overlay를 지원하지 않으면 `EINVAL`을 반환합니다.

Video Output Overlay를 설정할 때 애플리케이션은 `flags`만 초기화합니다. framebuffer가 TV 카드에 구현되므로 나머지 값은 드라이버가 결정합니다. `VIDIOC_S_FBUF` 성공 시 드라이버는 overlay를 준비하고 G_FBUF와 같은 방식으로 결과 매개변수를 돌려줍니다.

Video Capture Overlay를 설정할 때는 `flags`와 `fmt` 하위 구조체를 초기화합니다. 드라이버는 overlay를 준비한 뒤 조회와 같은 결과를 반환하거나 오류를 반환합니다.

framebuffer overlay 협상
VIDIOC_QUERYCAP으로 capture 또는 output 장치 확인VIDIOC_G_FBUF로 capability와 현재 배치 조회Output Overlay는 flags 준비Capture Overlay는 flags와 fmt 준비VIDIOC_S_FBUF 호출드라이버가 확정한 전체 framebuffer 매개변수 확인

장치 방향을 확인한 뒤 필요한 필드만 채워 설정하고 결과를 다시 받습니다.

Description
===========

Applications can use the :ref:`VIDIOC_G_FBUF <VIDIOC_G_FBUF>` and :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FBUF <VIDIOC_G_FBUF>` ioctl
to get and set the framebuffer parameters for a
:ref:`Video Overlay <overlay>` or :ref:`Video Output Overlay <osd>`
(OSD). The type of overlay is implied by the device type (capture or
output device) and can be determined with the
:ref:`VIDIOC_QUERYCAP` ioctl. One ``/dev/videoN``
device must not support both kinds of overlay.

The V4L2 API distinguishes destructive and non-destructive overlays. A
destructive overlay copies captured video images into the video memory
of a graphics card. A non-destructive overlay blends video images into a
VGA signal or graphics into a video signal. *Video Output Overlays* are
always non-destructive.

Destructive overlay support has been removed: with modern GPUs and CPUs
this is no longer needed, and it was always a very dangerous feature.

To get the current parameters applications call the :ref:`VIDIOC_G_FBUF <VIDIOC_G_FBUF>`
ioctl with a pointer to a struct :c:type:`v4l2_framebuffer`
structure. The driver fills all fields of the structure or returns an
EINVAL error code when overlays are not supported.

To set the parameters for a *Video Output Overlay*, applications must
initialize the ``flags`` field of a struct
:c:type:`v4l2_framebuffer`. Since the framebuffer is
implemented on the TV card all other parameters are determined by the
driver. When an application calls :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FBUF <VIDIOC_G_FBUF>` with a pointer to
this structure, the driver prepares for the overlay and returns the
framebuffer parameters as :ref:`VIDIOC_G_FBUF <VIDIOC_G_FBUF>` does, or it returns an error
code.

To set the parameters for a *Video Capture Overlay*
applications must initialize the ``flags`` field, the ``fmt``
substructure, and call :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FBUF <VIDIOC_G_FBUF>`. Again the driver prepares for
the overlay and returns the framebuffer parameters as :ref:`VIDIOC_G_FBUF <VIDIOC_G_FBUF>`
does, or it returns an error code.

struct v4l2_framebuffer

75-194
v4l2_framebuffer 최상위·fmt 필드
형식필드의미
`__u32``capability`드라이버가 설정하는 overlay capability flag
`__u32``flags`애플리케이션과 드라이버가 설정하는 overlay control flag
`void *``base`framebuffer 좌상단 pixel의 물리 기준 주소
`struct``fmt`framebuffer 배치 하위 구조체
`__u32``fmt.width`framebuffer 너비(pixel)
`__u32``fmt.height`framebuffer 높이(pixel)
`__u32``fmt.pixelformat`framebuffer pixel format
`enum v4l2_field``fmt.field`드라이버와 애플리케이션이 무시
`__u32``fmt.bytesperline`인접한 두 행의 가장 왼쪽 pixel 사이 바이트 거리
`__u32``fmt.sizeimage`framebuffer 영상 메모리 크기
`enum v4l2_colorspace``fmt.colorspace`pixelformat을 보완하는 색공간 정보
`__u32``fmt.priv`예약 필드. 드라이버와 애플리케이션 모두 0

overlay 기능, 제어 상태와 framebuffer 메모리 배치를 나타냅니다.

`base`는 `VIDIOC_S_FBUF` 입력으로 더 이상 지원되지 않으며 커널이 항상 NULL로 만듭니다. Video Output Overlay 조회에서는 대응하는 Linux framebuffer 장치를 찾을 수 있도록 유효한 주소를 반환하지만 Video Capture Overlay에서는 항상 NULL입니다.

non-destructive Video Overlay에서 `pixelformat`은 `v4l2_window.chromakey` 필드의 형식만 정의합니다. Video Output Overlay에서는 드라이버가 반드시 유효한 format을 반환해야 합니다.

보통 RGB 형식, 예를 들어 `V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB565`를 사용합니다. YUV도 허용되지만 chroma keying 시에는 packed YUV만 가능하고 `V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV`와 `V4L2_PIX_FMT_UYVY`는 제외됩니다. `V4L2_PIX_FMT_PAL8`도 허용됩니다. 압축 format을 요청했을 때의 동작은 정의되지 않습니다.

`fmt.field`는 무시합니다. field 순서가 필요하면 `VIDIOC_S_FMT`에서 `v4l2_window.field`를 사용해 선택합니다.

`bytesperline`은 non-destructive Video Overlay에는 무관하지만 Video Output Overlay에서는 유효해야 합니다. 하드웨어가 padding byte에도 접근할 수 있으므로 마지막 행 뒤 padding이 시스템 page 경계를 넘는 경우까지 접근 가능한 메모리에 있어야 합니다.

캡처 장치는 padding byte를 쓸 수 있고 그 값은 정의되지 않습니다. 출력 장치는 padding 내용 자체를 무시합니다.

planar 형식에서는 `bytesperline`이 첫 plane에 적용되고 다른 plane은 `width`와 같은 비율로 나눕니다. YUV 4:2:0의 Cb·Cr plane은 Y plane의 절반만큼 행 뒤 padding을 가지며, 모호함을 피하려고 드라이버는 scale factor의 배수로 올림한 `bytesperline`을 반환해야 합니다.

`sizeimage`는 non-destructive Video Overlay에는 무관하고 Video Output Overlay에서는 유효해야 합니다. `base`와 함께 드라이버가 접근 가능한 framebuffer 메모리 범위를 정의합니다. `colorspace`는 드라이버가 설정합니다.

framebuffer 메모리 범위
base: 좌상단 pixel의 기준 주소width·height·pixelformat으로 논리 영상 정의bytesperline에 행 padding 포함planar 형식은 plane별 scale factor 적용sizeimage로 전체 접근 범위 확정padding까지 접근 가능한 메모리로 배치

출력 overlay에서 주소와 배치 필드가 접근 가능한 전체 메모리를 결정합니다.

.. tabularcolumns:: |p{3.5cm}|p{3.5cm}|p{3.5cm}|p{6.6cm}|

.. c:type:: v4l2_framebuffer

.. cssclass:: longtable

.. flat-table:: struct v4l2_framebuffer
    :header-rows:  0
    :stub-columns: 0
    :widths:       1 1 1 2

    * - __u32
      - ``capability``
      -
      - Overlay capability flags set by the driver, see
	:ref:`framebuffer-cap`.
    * - __u32
      - ``flags``
      -
      - Overlay control flags set by application and driver, see
	:ref:`framebuffer-flags`
    * - void *
      - ``base``
      -
      - Physical base address of the framebuffer, that is the address of
	the pixel in the top left corner of the framebuffer.
	For :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FBUF <VIDIOC_G_FBUF>` this field is no longer supported
	and the kernel will always set this to NULL.
	For *Video Output Overlays*
	the driver will return a valid base address, so applications can
	find the corresponding Linux framebuffer device (see
	:ref:`osd`). For *Video Capture Overlays* this field will always be
	NULL.
    * - struct
      - ``fmt``
      -
      - Layout of the frame buffer.
    * -
      - __u32
      - ``width``
      - Width of the frame buffer in pixels.
    * -
      - __u32
      - ``height``
      - Height of the frame buffer in pixels.
    * -
      - __u32
      - ``pixelformat``
      - The pixel format of the framebuffer.
    * -
      -
      -
      - For *non-destructive Video Overlays* this field only defines a
	format for the struct :c:type:`v4l2_window`
	``chromakey`` field.
    * -
      -
      -
      - For *Video Output Overlays* the driver must return a valid
	format.
    * -
      -
      -
      - Usually this is an RGB format (for example
	:ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB565 <V4L2-PIX-FMT-RGB565>`) but YUV
	formats (only packed YUV formats when chroma keying is used, not
	including ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV`` and ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_UYVY``) and the
	``V4L2_PIX_FMT_PAL8`` format are also permitted. The behavior of
	the driver when an application requests a compressed format is
	undefined. See :ref:`pixfmt` for information on pixel formats.
    * -
      - enum :c:type:`v4l2_field`
      - ``field``
      - Drivers and applications shall ignore this field. If applicable,
	the field order is selected with the
	:ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` ioctl, using the ``field``
	field of struct :c:type:`v4l2_window`.
    * -
      - __u32
      - ``bytesperline``
      - Distance in bytes between the leftmost pixels in two adjacent
	lines.
    * - :cspan:`3`

	This field is irrelevant to *non-destructive Video Overlays*.

	For *Video Output Overlays* the driver must return a valid value.

	Video hardware may access padding bytes, therefore they must
	reside in accessible memory. Consider for example the case where
	padding bytes after the last line of an image cross a system page
	boundary. Capture devices may write padding bytes, the value is
	undefined. Output devices ignore the contents of padding bytes.

	When the image format is planar the ``bytesperline`` value applies
	to the first plane and is divided by the same factor as the
	``width`` field for the other planes. For example the Cb and Cr
	planes of a YUV 4:2:0 image have half as many padding bytes
	following each line as the Y plane. To avoid ambiguities drivers
	must return a ``bytesperline`` value rounded up to a multiple of
	the scale factor.
    * -
      - __u32
      - ``sizeimage``
      - This field is irrelevant to *non-destructive Video Overlays*.
	For *Video Output Overlays* the driver must return a valid
	format.

	Together with ``base`` it defines the framebuffer memory
	accessible by the driver.
    * -
      - enum :c:type:`v4l2_colorspace`
      - ``colorspace``
      - This information supplements the ``pixelformat`` and must be set
	by the driver, see :ref:`colorspaces`.
    * -
      - __u32
      - ``priv``
      - Reserved. Drivers and applications must set this field to zero.

Frame Buffer Capability Flags

195-244
Frame Buffer Capability Flags
상수의미
`V4L2_FBUF_CAP_EXTERNOVERLAY``0x0001`non-destructive overlay 지원. clear이면 destructive만 지원한다는 옛 의미
`V4L2_FBUF_CAP_CHROMAKEY``0x0002`대상 VGA·비디오 신호가 특정 색일 때만 영상 pixel로 대체하는 chroma-key clipping
`V4L2_FBUF_CAP_LIST_CLIPPING``0x0004`clip rectangle 목록 사용. 더 이상 지원되지 않음
`V4L2_FBUF_CAP_BITMAP_CLIPPING``0x0008`bit mask clipping 사용. 더 이상 지원되지 않음
`V4L2_FBUF_CAP_LOCAL_ALPHA``0x0010`framebuffer 또는 VGA 신호의 alpha channel로 clipping·blending
`V4L2_FBUF_CAP_GLOBAL_ALPHA``0x0020`전역 alpha 값으로 blending
`V4L2_FBUF_CAP_LOCAL_INV_ALPHA``0x0040`반전된 framebuffer 또는 VGA alpha channel로 clipping·blending
`V4L2_FBUF_CAP_SRC_CHROMAKEY``0x0080`source 영상의 chroma-key 색 pixel을 framebuffer pixel로 대체

드라이버가 지원하는 overlay 합성·clipping 기능을 표시합니다.

아직 destructive와 non-destructive overlay를 둘 다 지원하는 드라이버는 없으며 Video Output Overlay는 실제로 항상 non-destructive입니다. chroma-keying과 alpha blending은 destructive overlay에는 의미가 없습니다.

`SRC_CHROMAKEY`는 일반 `CHROMAKEY`와 반대입니다. 일반 방식은 대상 신호가 key 색일 때 영상이 그 자리를 대체하고, source 방식은 source 영상이 key 색일 때 framebuffer가 그 자리를 대체합니다.

.. tabularcolumns:: |p{7.4cm}|p{1.6cm}|p{8.3cm}|

.. _framebuffer-cap:

.. flat-table:: Frame Buffer Capability Flags
    :header-rows:  0
    :stub-columns: 0
    :widths:       3 1 4

    * - ``V4L2_FBUF_CAP_EXTERNOVERLAY``
      - 0x0001
      - The device is capable of non-destructive overlays. When the driver
	clears this flag, only destructive overlays are supported. There
	are no drivers yet which support both destructive and
	non-destructive overlays. Video Output Overlays are in practice
	always non-destructive.
    * - ``V4L2_FBUF_CAP_CHROMAKEY``
      - 0x0002
      - The device supports clipping by chroma-keying the images. That is,
	image pixels replace pixels in the VGA or video signal only where
	the latter assume a certain color. Chroma-keying makes no sense
	for destructive overlays.
    * - ``V4L2_FBUF_CAP_LIST_CLIPPING``
      - 0x0004
      - The device supports clipping using a list of clip rectangles.
        Note that this is no longer supported.
    * - ``V4L2_FBUF_CAP_BITMAP_CLIPPING``
      - 0x0008
      - The device supports clipping using a bit mask.
        Note that this is no longer supported.
    * - ``V4L2_FBUF_CAP_LOCAL_ALPHA``
      - 0x0010
      - The device supports clipping/blending using the alpha channel of
	the framebuffer or VGA signal. Alpha blending makes no sense for
	destructive overlays.
    * - ``V4L2_FBUF_CAP_GLOBAL_ALPHA``
      - 0x0020
      - The device supports alpha blending using a global alpha value.
	Alpha blending makes no sense for destructive overlays.
    * - ``V4L2_FBUF_CAP_LOCAL_INV_ALPHA``
      - 0x0040
      - The device supports clipping/blending using the inverted alpha
	channel of the framebuffer or VGA signal. Alpha blending makes no
	sense for destructive overlays.
    * - ``V4L2_FBUF_CAP_SRC_CHROMAKEY``
      - 0x0080
      - The device supports Source Chroma-keying. Video pixels with the
	chroma-key colors are replaced by framebuffer pixels, which is
	exactly opposite of ``V4L2_FBUF_CAP_CHROMAKEY``

Frame Buffer Flags

245-318
Frame Buffer Flags
상수동작
`V4L2_FBUF_FLAG_PRIMARY``0x0001`framebuffer가 primary graphics surface이며 overlay가 destructive임을 표시
`V4L2_FBUF_FLAG_OVERLAY``0x0002`capture에서는 초기 크기, output에서는 window 좌표 기준과 제한 범위를 선택
`V4L2_FBUF_FLAG_CHROMAKEY``0x0004``v4l2_window.chromakey` 색으로 chroma-keying 사용
`V4L2_FBUF_FLAG_LOCAL_ALPHA``0x0008`framebuffer alpha channel로 local alpha blending
`V4L2_FBUF_FLAG_GLOBAL_ALPHA``0x0010``v4l2_window.global_alpha`로 전역 alpha blending
`V4L2_FBUF_FLAG_LOCAL_INV_ALPHA``0x0020`반전된 framebuffer alpha로 local blending
`V4L2_FBUF_FLAG_SRC_CHROMAKEY``0x0040`source chroma-keying 사용

애플리케이션과 드라이버가 실제 overlay 동작을 선택합니다.

`PRIMARY`는 보통 `V4L2_FBUF_CAP_EXTERNOVERLAY`가 없는 드라이버가 설정하고 그 capability가 있으면 clear합니다.

capture 장치에서 `OVERLAY`가 설정되면 초기 overlay 크기를 framebuffer 전체로 잡고, clear이면 `VIDIOC_S_FMT`으로 정한 기존 크기를 사용합니다. 이 기능은 bttv 하나만 지원하며 폐기 예정이고 지원 여부를 탐지할 방법도 없으므로, 신뢰할 수 있는 크기 설정 방법은 `VIDIOC_S_FMT`뿐입니다.

output 장치에서 `OVERLAY`가 설정되면 overlay window는 framebuffer 좌상단 기준이고 framebuffer 크기로 제한됩니다. clear이면 video output display 기준입니다.

`CHROMAKEY`의 색은 `v4l2_window.chromakey`이고 `VIDIOC_S_FMT`으로 협상합니다. clip rectangle 목록이나 bitmap clipping을 켜는 flag는 없으며 이 방법들도 `VIDIOC_S_FMT`으로 협상합니다.

local alpha 혼합식은 `output = framebuffer pixel * alpha + video pixel * (1 - alpha)`입니다. 실제 alpha bit 깊이는 framebuffer pixel format에 따라 달라집니다.

global alpha 혼합식은 `output = (framebuffer pixel * alpha + video pixel * (255 - alpha)) / 255`입니다. alpha 값은 `v4l2_window.global_alpha`에서 가져와 `VIDIOC_S_FMT`으로 협상합니다.

inverted local alpha 혼합식은 `output = framebuffer pixel * (1 - alpha) + video pixel * alpha`입니다. 일반 local alpha와 같은 channel을 사용하되 alpha의 역할을 뒤집습니다.

source chroma-key 색도 `v4l2_window.chromakey`로 협상합니다. 일반 chroma-keying과 source chroma-keying은 상호 배타적이므로 같은 `chromakey` 필드를 공유합니다.

알파 혼합식 비교
방식출력식alpha 출처
Local alpha`fb * alpha + video * (1 - alpha)`framebuffer pixel alpha channel
Global alpha`(fb * alpha + video * (255 - alpha)) / 255``v4l2_window.global_alpha`
Local inverted alpha`fb * (1 - alpha) + video * alpha`반전된 framebuffer pixel alpha channel

framebuffer pixel과 video pixel의 가중치가 flag마다 달라집니다.

.. tabularcolumns:: |p{7.4cm}|p{1.6cm}|p{8.3cm}|

.. _framebuffer-flags:

.. cssclass:: longtable

.. flat-table:: Frame Buffer Flags
    :header-rows:  0
    :stub-columns: 0
    :widths:       3 1 4

    * - ``V4L2_FBUF_FLAG_PRIMARY``
      - 0x0001
      - The framebuffer is the primary graphics surface. In other words,
	the overlay is destructive. This flag is typically set by any
	driver that doesn't have the ``V4L2_FBUF_CAP_EXTERNOVERLAY``
	capability and it is cleared otherwise.
    * - ``V4L2_FBUF_FLAG_OVERLAY``
      - 0x0002
      - If this flag is set for a video capture device, then the driver
	will set the initial overlay size to cover the full framebuffer
	size, otherwise the existing overlay size (as set by
	:ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>`) will be used. Only one
	video capture driver (bttv) supports this flag. The use of this
	flag for capture devices is deprecated. There is no way to detect
	which drivers support this flag, so the only reliable method of
	setting the overlay size is through
	:ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>`. If this flag is set for a
	video output device, then the video output overlay window is
	relative to the top-left corner of the framebuffer and restricted
	to the size of the framebuffer. If it is cleared, then the video
	output overlay window is relative to the video output display.
    * - ``V4L2_FBUF_FLAG_CHROMAKEY``
      - 0x0004
      - Use chroma-keying. The chroma-key color is determined by the
	``chromakey`` field of struct :c:type:`v4l2_window`
	and negotiated with the :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>`
	ioctl, see :ref:`overlay` and :ref:`osd`.
    * - :cspan:`2` There are no flags to enable clipping using a list of
	clip rectangles or a bitmap. These methods are negotiated with the
	:ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` ioctl, see :ref:`overlay`
	and :ref:`osd`.
    * - ``V4L2_FBUF_FLAG_LOCAL_ALPHA``
      - 0x0008
      - Use the alpha channel of the framebuffer to clip or blend
	framebuffer pixels with video images. The blend function is:
	output = framebuffer pixel * alpha + video pixel * (1 - alpha).
	The actual alpha depth depends on the framebuffer pixel format.
    * - ``V4L2_FBUF_FLAG_GLOBAL_ALPHA``
      - 0x0010
      - Use a global alpha value to blend the framebuffer with video
	images. The blend function is: output = (framebuffer pixel * alpha
	+ video pixel * (255 - alpha)) / 255. The alpha value is
	determined by the ``global_alpha`` field of struct
	:c:type:`v4l2_window` and negotiated with the
	:ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` ioctl, see :ref:`overlay`
	and :ref:`osd`.
    * - ``V4L2_FBUF_FLAG_LOCAL_INV_ALPHA``
      - 0x0020
      - Like ``V4L2_FBUF_FLAG_LOCAL_ALPHA``, use the alpha channel of the
	framebuffer to clip or blend framebuffer pixels with video images,
	but with an inverted alpha value. The blend function is: output =
	framebuffer pixel * (1 - alpha) + video pixel * alpha. The actual
	alpha depth depends on the framebuffer pixel format.
    * - ``V4L2_FBUF_FLAG_SRC_CHROMAKEY``
      - 0x0040
      - Use source chroma-keying. The source chroma-key color is
	determined by the ``chromakey`` field of struct
	:c:type:`v4l2_window` and negotiated with the
	:ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` ioctl, see :ref:`overlay`
	and :ref:`osd`. Both chroma-keying are mutual exclusive to each
	other, so same ``chromakey`` field of struct
	:c:type:`v4l2_window` is being used.

반환값과 오류

319-331

성공하면 0을 반환합니다. 오류가 발생하면 -1을 반환하고 `errno`를 설정하며, 아래 전용 오류 외에도 Generic Error Codes 장의 공통 오류가 적용됩니다.

framebuffer 오류
errno조건
`EPERM`destructive overlay 매개변수 협상을 위한 `VIDIOC_S_FBUF`는 권한 있는 사용자만 호출 가능
`EINVAL``VIDIOC_S_FBUF` 매개변수가 장치에 적합하지 않음

설정 권한과 매개변수 적합성 오류입니다.

Return Value
============

On success 0 is returned, on error -1 and the ``errno`` variable is set
appropriately. The generic error codes are described at the
:ref:`Generic Error Codes <gen-errors>` chapter.

EPERM
    :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FBUF <VIDIOC_G_FBUF>` can only be called by a privileged user to
    negotiate the parameters for a destructive overlay.

EINVAL
    The :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FBUF <VIDIOC_G_FBUF>` parameters are unsuitable.