← Documents Documentation/userspace-api/media/fdl-appendix.rst GitHub 원문 ↗

Linux 6.18.37 · Userspace API / Media / Reference

GNU Free Documentation License

GNU FDL의 정의, 복제·수정·결합·번역·종료 조건을 전문 번역합니다.

Source pathDocumentation/userspace-api/media/fdl-appendix.rst
Source versionLinux v6.18.37
TranslationDUJINLABS 전문 번역 + 해설

요약·해설과 원문, 전문 번역을 서로 분리했습니다. API 이름, symbol, source path는 원문 표기를 사용합니다.

1. 요약·해설

원문의 핵심 논리와 kernel programming 관점의 보충 설명입니다. 아래의 전문 번역과는 별도로 작성했습니다.

요약·해설

fdl-appendix.rst:1-471

GNU FDL 1.1의 비공식 한국어 전문입니다. License 자체의 규정에 따라 번역과 영어 원문이 충돌하면 접을 수 있는 영어 원문이 우선합니다.

2. 영어 원문 전체

번역 기준이 된 Linux v6.18.37 원문입니다. 줄 번호는 이 버전의 파일 좌표입니다.

원문 전체 펼치기
1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
2
3 .. _fdl:
4
5 ******************************
6 GNU Free Documentation License
7 ******************************
8
9
10 .. _fdl-preamble:
11
12 0. PREAMBLE
13 ===========
14
15 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
16 written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the
17 effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying
18 it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License
19 preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their
20 work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by
21 others.
22
23 This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works
24 of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
25 complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license
26 designed for free software.
27
28 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
29 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program
30 should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software
31 does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be
32 used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is
33 published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for
34 works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
35
36
37 .. _fdl-section1:
38
39 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
40 ================================
41
42
43 .. _fdl-document:
44
45 This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a notice
46 placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the
47 terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual
48 or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as
49 "you".
50
51
52 .. _fdl-modified:
53
54 A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
55 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
56 modifications and/or translated into another language.
57
58
59 .. _fdl-secondary:
60
61 A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
62 the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` that deals exclusively with the
63 relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the
64 Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing
65 that could fall directly within that overall subject. (For example, if
66 the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section
67 may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of
68 historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of
69 legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position
70 regarding them.
71
72
73 .. _fdl-invariant:
74
75 The "Invariant Sections" are certain
76 :ref:`Secondary Sections <fdl-secondary>` whose titles are designated,
77 as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the
78 :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` is released under this License.
79
80
81 .. _fdl-cover-texts:
82
83 The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as
84 Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the
85 :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` is released under this License.
86
87
88 .. _fdl-transparent:
89
90 A "Transparent" copy of the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` means a
91 machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is
92 available to the general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited
93 directly and straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images
94 composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely
95 available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text
96 formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable
97 for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent
98 file format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage
99 subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is
100 not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
101
102 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII
103 without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML
104 using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML
105 designed for human modification. Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF,
106 proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word
107 processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are
108 not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML produced by some
109 word processors for output purposes only.
110
111
112 .. _fdl-title-page:
113
114 The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus
115 such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this
116 License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which
117 do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the
118 most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning
119 of the body of the text.
120
121
122 .. _fdl-section2:
123
124 2. VERBATIM COPYING
125 ===================
126
127 You may copy and distribute the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` in any
128 medium, either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this
129 License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this
130 License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that
131 you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may
132 not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
133 copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
134 compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
135 number of copies you must also follow the conditions in
136 :ref:`section 3 <fdl-section3>`.
137
138 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
139 you may publicly display copies.
140
141
142 .. _fdl-section3:
143
144 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
145 ======================
146
147 If you publish printed copies of the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>`
148 numbering more than 100, and the Document's license notice requires
149 :ref:`Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>`, you must enclose the copies in
150 covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts:
151 Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back
152 cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the
153 publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title
154 with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add
155 other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited
156 to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the
157 :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` and satisfy these conditions, can be
158 treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
159
160 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
161 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
162 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
163 pages.
164
165 If you publish or distribute :ref:`Opaque <fdl-transparent>` copies of
166 the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` numbering more than 100, you must
167 either include a machine-readable :ref:`Transparent <fdl-transparent>`
168 copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a
169 publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete
170 Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the
171 general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
172 charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter
173 option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
174 distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this
175 Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location
176 until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque
177 copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to
178 the public.
179
180 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
181 :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` well before redistributing any large
182 number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated
183 version of the Document.
184
185
186 .. _fdl-section4:
187
188 4. MODIFICATIONS
189 ================
190
191 You may copy and distribute a :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>`
192 of the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` under the conditions of sections
193 :ref:`2 <fdl-section2>` and :ref:`3 <fdl-section3>` above, provided
194 that you release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with
195 the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing
196 distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever
197 possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the
198 Modified Version:
199
200 - **A.**
201 Use in the :ref:`Title Page <fdl-title-page>` (and on the covers,
202 if any) a title distinct from that of the
203 :ref:`Document <fdl-document>`, and from those of previous versions
204 (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of
205 the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if
206 the original publisher of that version gives permission.
207
208 - **B.**
209 List on the :ref:`Title Page <fdl-title-page>`, as authors, one or
210 more persons or entities responsible for authorship of the
211 modifications in the :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>`,
212 together with at least five of the principal authors of the
213 :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` (all of its principal authors, if it
214 has less than five).
215
216 - **C.**
217 State on the :ref:`Title Page <fdl-title-page>` the name of the
218 publisher of the :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>`, as the
219 publisher.
220
221 - **D.**
222 Preserve all the copyright notices of the
223 :ref:`Document <fdl-document>`.
224
225 - **E.**
226 Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent
227 to the other copyright notices.
228
229 - **F.**
230 Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
231 giving the public permission to use the
232 :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>` under the terms of this
233 License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
234
235 - **G.**
236 Preserve in that license notice the full lists of
237 :ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>` and required
238 :ref:`Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>` given in the
239 :ref:`Document's <fdl-document>` license notice.
240
241 - **H.**
242 Include an unaltered copy of this License.
243
244 - **I.**
245 Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to it
246 an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher
247 of the :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>` as given on the
248 :ref:`Title Page <fdl-title-page>`. If there is no section entitled
249 "History" in the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>`, create one stating
250 the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on
251 its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as
252 stated in the previous sentence.
253
254 - **J.**
255 Preserve the network location, if any, given in the
256 :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` for public access to a
257 :ref:`Transparent <fdl-transparent>` copy of the Document, and
258 likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous
259 versions it was based on. These may be placed in the "History"
260 section. You may omit a network location for a work that was
261 published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the
262 original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
263
264 - **K.**
265 In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", preserve
266 the section's title, and preserve in the section all the substance
267 and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
268 dedications given therein.
269
270 - **L.**
271 Preserve all the :ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>` of the
272 :ref:`Document <fdl-document>`, unaltered in their text and in
273 their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered
274 part of the section titles.
275
276 - **M.**
277 Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be
278 included in the :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>`.
279
280 - **N.**
281 Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" or to conflict
282 in title with any :ref:`Invariant Section <fdl-invariant>`.
283
284 If the :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>` includes new
285 front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as
286 :ref:`Secondary Sections <fdl-secondary>` and contain no material
287 copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
288 of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list
289 of :ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>` in the Modified Version's
290 license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section
291 titles.
292
293 You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
294 nothing but endorsements of your
295 :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>` by various parties--for
296 example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by
297 an organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.
298
299 You may add a passage of up to five words as a
300 :ref:`Front-Cover Text <fdl-cover-texts>`, and a passage of up to 25
301 words as a :ref:`Back-Cover Text <fdl-cover-texts>`, to the end of the
302 list of :ref:`Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>` in the
303 :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>`. Only one passage of
304 Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through
305 arrangements made by) any one entity. If the
306 :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` already includes a cover text for the
307 same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same
308 entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
309 replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher
310 that added the old one.
311
312 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>`
313 do not by this License give permission to use their names for publicity
314 for or to assert or imply endorsement of any
315 :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>`.
316
317
318 .. _fdl-section5:
319
320 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
321 ======================
322
323 You may combine the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` with other
324 documents released under this License, under the terms defined in
325 :ref:`section 4 <fdl-section4>` above for modified versions, provided
326 that you include in the combination all of the
327 :ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>` of all of the original
328 documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
329 combined work in its license notice.
330
331 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
332 multiple identical :ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>` may be
333 replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections
334 with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such
335 section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of
336 the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a
337 unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the
338 list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
339
340 In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History" in
341 the various original documents, forming one section entitled "History";
342 likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements", and any
343 sections entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections entitled
344 "Endorsements."
345
346
347 .. _fdl-section6:
348
349 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
350 ===========================
351
352 You may make a collection consisting of the
353 :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` and other documents released under this
354 License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the
355 various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection,
356 provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying
357 of each of the documents in all other respects.
358
359 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
360 it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
361 License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
362 other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
363
364
365 .. _fdl-section7:
366
367 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
368 =====================================
369
370 A compilation of the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` or its derivatives
371 with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a
372 volume of a storage or distribution medium, does not as a whole count as
373 a :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>` of the Document, provided no
374 compilation copyright is claimed for the compilation. Such a compilation
375 is called an "aggregate", and this License does not apply to the other
376 self-contained works thus compiled with the Document , on account of
377 their being thus compiled, if they are not themselves derivative works
378 of the Document. If the :ref:`Cover Text <fdl-cover-texts>`
379 requirement of :ref:`section 3 <fdl-section3>` is applicable to these
380 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter of
381 the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers
382 that surround only the Document within the aggregate. Otherwise they
383 must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.
384
385
386 .. _fdl-section8:
387
388 8. TRANSLATION
389 ==============
390
391 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute
392 translations of the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` under the terms of
393 :ref:`section 4 <fdl-section4>`. Replacing
394 :ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>` with translations requires
395 special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
396 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
397 original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
398 translation of this License provided that you also include the original
399 English version of this License. In case of a disagreement between the
400 translation and the original English version of this License, the
401 original English version will prevail.
402
403
404 .. _fdl-section9:
405
406 9. TERMINATION
407 ==============
408
409 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the
410 :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` except as expressly provided for under
411 this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or
412 distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your
413 rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or
414 rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses
415 terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
416
417
418 .. _fdl-section10:
419
420 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
421 ====================================
422
423 The `Free Software Foundation <http://www.gnu.org/fsf/fsf.html>`__
424 may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License
425 from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the
426 present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or
427 concerns. See
428 `http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/ <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft>`__.
429
430 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If
431 the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` specifies that a particular
432 numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it,
433 you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that
434 specified version or of any later version that has been published (not
435 as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not
436 specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version
437 ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
438
439
440 .. _fdl-using:
441
442 Addendum
443 ========
444
445 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
446 the License in the document and put the following copyright and license
447 notices just after the title page:
448
449 Copyright © YEAR YOUR NAME.
450
451 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
452 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
453 Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
454 Foundation; with the :ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>`
455 being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
456 :ref:`Front-Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>` being LIST, and with
457 the :ref:`Back-Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>` being LIST. A copy
458 of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free
459 Documentation License".
460
461 If you have no :ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>`, write "with
462 no Invariant Sections" instead of saying which ones are invariant. If
463 you have no :ref:`Front-Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>`, write "no
464 Front-Cover Texts" instead of "Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise
465 for :ref:`Back-Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>`.
466
467 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
468 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
469 software license, such as the
470 `GNU General Public License <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html>`__,
471 to permit their use in free software.
472

3. 한국어 전문 번역

영어 원문의 문단 순서와 의미를 유지한 전체 번역입니다. 코드, 함수명, symbol과 URL은 원문 표기를 유지합니다.

0. 서문

1-36

이 License의 목적은 manual, textbook 또는 그 밖의 문서를 자유라는 의미에서 'free'하게 만드는 것입니다. 누구나 상업적·비상업적으로, 수정하거나 수정하지 않고 효과적으로 복제하고 재배포할 자유를 보장합니다. 동시에 다른 사람이 한 수정에 대해 원 저자와 출판자가 책임지는 것으로 간주되지 않으면서 자신의 작업에 대한 공로를 인정받을 방법을 보존합니다.

이 License는 copyleft의 한 종류입니다. 따라서 문서의 파생 저작물도 같은 의미에서 자유로워야 합니다. 자유 software를 위한 copyleft license인 GNU General Public License를 보완합니다.

자유 software에는 software와 같은 자유를 제공하는 자유 문서가 필요하므로 이 License는 그 manual에 사용하도록 설계됐습니다. 그러나 software manual에 한정되지 않으며 주제나 인쇄 출판 여부와 무관하게 어떤 text work에도 사용할 수 있습니다. 특히 교육 또는 참고 목적의 저작물에 권장됩니다.

.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later

.. _fdl:

******************************
GNU Free Documentation License
******************************


.. _fdl-preamble:

0. PREAMBLE
===========

The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the
effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying
it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License
preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their
work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by
others.

This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works
of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license
designed for free software.

We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program
should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software
does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be
used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is
published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for
works whose purpose is instruction or reference.

1. 적용 범위와 정의

37-121

이 License는 copyright holder가 이 조건에 따라 배포할 수 있다는 notice를 붙인 manual 또는 다른 저작물에 적용됩니다. 아래에서 'Document'는 그러한 manual 또는 저작물을 뜻하고, 일반 대중의 모든 구성원이 licensee이며 'you'로 지칭됩니다.

GNU FDL 핵심 정의
용어정의
Modified VersionDocument 전부 또는 일부를 그대로 복제하거나 수정하거나 다른 언어로 번역해 포함한 저작물
Secondary Section출판자·저자와 전체 주제의 관계만 다루며 주제 자체에 직접 속하는 내용을 담지 않은, 이름 붙은 appendix 또는 front matter 절
Invariant SectionsLicense notice에서 변경 불가로 지정한 특정 Secondary Section
Cover TextsLicense notice에 Front-Cover Text 또는 Back-Cover Text로 열거된 짧은 문구
Transparent copy공개 규격의 machine-readable 형식이며 일반 editor로 직접 쉽게 보고 수정하고 text formatter 입력이나 다양한 형식으로 자동 변환할 수 있는 copy
Opaque copyTransparent하지 않은 copy
Title Page인쇄물의 title page와 필수 내용을 읽기 좋게 담는 뒤쪽 page, 또는 title page가 없는 형식에서 본문 앞 title의 가장 두드러진 표시 주변 text

수정·배포 조건을 해석할 때 사용하는 용어입니다.

Transparent 형식의 예는 markup 없는 plain ASCII, Texinfo input, LaTeX input, 공개 DTD를 쓰는 SGML/XML, 사람이 수정하도록 만든 표준 준수 simple HTML입니다. PostScript, PDF, proprietary word processor 전용 형식, DTD나 처리 도구가 일반에 제공되지 않는 SGML/XML, 출력 전용 machine-generated HTML은 Opaque 형식의 예입니다.

형식 자체는 Transparent여도 markup이 독자의 후속 수정을 방해하거나 꺼리게 하도록 설계됐다면 Transparent copy가 아닙니다.

.. _fdl-section1:

1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
================================


.. _fdl-document:

This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a notice
placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the
terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual
or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as
"you".


.. _fdl-modified:

A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
modifications and/or translated into another language.


.. _fdl-secondary:

A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` that deals exclusively with the
relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the
Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing
that could fall directly within that overall subject. (For example, if
the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section
may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of
historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of
legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position
regarding them.


.. _fdl-invariant:

The "Invariant Sections" are certain
:ref:`Secondary Sections <fdl-secondary>` whose titles are designated,
as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the
:ref:`Document <fdl-document>` is released under this License.


.. _fdl-cover-texts:

The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as
Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the
:ref:`Document <fdl-document>` is released under this License.


.. _fdl-transparent:

A "Transparent" copy of the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` means a
machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is
available to the general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited
directly and straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images
composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely
available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text
formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable
for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent
file format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage
subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is
not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".

Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII
without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML
using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML
designed for human modification. Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF,
proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word
processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are
not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML produced by some
word processors for output purposes only.


.. _fdl-title-page:

The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus
such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this
License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which
do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the
most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning
of the body of the text.

2. 원문 그대로 복제

122-141

이 License, copyright notice, 이 License가 Document에 적용된다는 license notice를 모든 copy에 재현하고 추가 조건을 전혀 붙이지 않는다면, 어떤 매체로든 상업적·비상업적으로 Document를 복제하고 배포할 수 있습니다.

만들거나 배포하는 copy의 열람 또는 추가 복제를 방해하거나 통제하는 기술 조치를 사용할 수 없습니다. Copy의 대가를 받을 수 있으며, 충분히 많은 copy를 배포할 때는 section 3의 조건도 따라야 합니다.

같은 조건으로 copy를 빌려주거나 공개 전시할 수도 있습니다.

.. _fdl-section2:

2. VERBATIM COPYING
===================

You may copy and distribute the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` in any
medium, either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this
License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this
License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that
you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may
not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
number of copies you must also follow the conditions in
:ref:`section 3 <fdl-section3>`.

You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
you may publicly display copies.

3. 대량 복제

142-185

Cover Text가 요구되는 Document의 인쇄 copy를 100부보다 많이 출판하면, 모든 Front-Cover Text와 Back-Cover Text를 각 표지에 명확하고 읽기 좋게 실어야 합니다. 두 표지는 배포자를 publisher로 식별해야 하고, 앞표지는 title의 모든 단어를 동일하게 두드러지고 보이도록 full title을 표시해야 합니다.

표지에 다른 내용을 추가할 수 있습니다. Document title과 이 조건을 지키면서 표지만 바꾼 복제는 나머지 측면에서 verbatim copy로 취급할 수 있습니다. Cover Text가 너무 길면 실제 표지에 합리적으로 들어가는 처음 부분을 싣고 나머지는 인접 page에 이어야 합니다.

Opaque copy를 100부보다 많이 출판·배포하면 각 copy에 machine-readable Transparent copy를 함께 넣거나, 추가 material이 없는 완전한 Transparent copy를 일반 대중이 표준 network protocol로 익명·무료 download할 수 있는 공개 network 위치를 각 Opaque copy 안이나 함께 명시해야 합니다.

Network 위치를 선택했다면 대량 배포 시작 때 합리적이고 신중한 조치를 취해, 해당 edition의 마지막 Opaque copy를 직접 또는 대리인·retailer를 통해 배포한 뒤 최소 1년간 그 위치에서 Transparent copy에 접근할 수 있게 해야 합니다.

필수는 아니지만 대량 재배포 훨씬 전에 Document 저자에게 연락해 updated version을 제공할 기회를 주도록 요청합니다.

.. _fdl-section3:

3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
======================

If you publish printed copies of the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>`
numbering more than 100, and the Document's license notice requires
:ref:`Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>`, you must enclose the copies in
covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts:
Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back
cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the
publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title
with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add
other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited
to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the
:ref:`Document <fdl-document>` and satisfy these conditions, can be
treated as verbatim copying in other respects.

If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
pages.

If you publish or distribute :ref:`Opaque <fdl-transparent>` copies of
the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` numbering more than 100, you must
either include a machine-readable :ref:`Transparent <fdl-transparent>`
copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a
publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete
Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the
general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter
option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this
Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location
until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque
copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to
the public.

It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
:ref:`Document <fdl-document>` well before redistributing any large
number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated
version of the Document.

4. 수정본 의무 A~G

186-240

Sections 2와 3의 조건에 따라 Modified Version을 복제·배포할 수 있지만, 정확히 이 License로 공개하고 Modified Version이 Document의 역할을 하게 해 그 copy를 가진 누구에게나 배포와 수정 권한을 허용해야 합니다. 또한 다음 의무를 지켜야 합니다.

Modified Version 의무 A~G
항목의무
ATitle Page와 표지에 Document 및 이전 version과 구별되는 title을 사용합니다. 원 publisher가 허락하면 이전 title을 재사용할 수 있습니다.
B수정 authorship 책임자와 Document의 주요 저자 최소 5명, 주요 저자가 5명 미만이면 전원을 Title Page에 저자로 열거합니다.
CModified Version의 publisher 이름을 Title Page에 명시합니다.
DDocument의 모든 copyright notice를 보존합니다.
E기존 copyright notice 옆에 수정분에 대한 적절한 copyright notice를 추가합니다.
Fcopyright notice 바로 뒤에 Addendum 형식으로 이 License에 따른 Modified Version 사용 허가 notice를 포함합니다.
GDocument의 license notice에 있는 Invariant Sections와 필수 Cover Text의 전체 목록을 license notice에 보존합니다.

Title Page, 저자, copyright와 license notice에 관한 조건입니다.

.. _fdl-section4:

4. MODIFICATIONS
================

You may copy and distribute a :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>`
of the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` under the conditions of sections
:ref:`2 <fdl-section2>` and :ref:`3 <fdl-section3>` above, provided
that you release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with
the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing
distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever
possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the
Modified Version:

-  **A.**
   Use in the :ref:`Title Page <fdl-title-page>` (and on the covers,
   if any) a title distinct from that of the
   :ref:`Document <fdl-document>`, and from those of previous versions
   (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of
   the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if
   the original publisher of that version gives permission.

-  **B.**
   List on the :ref:`Title Page <fdl-title-page>`, as authors, one or
   more persons or entities responsible for authorship of the
   modifications in the :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>`,
   together with at least five of the principal authors of the
   :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` (all of its principal authors, if it
   has less than five).

-  **C.**
   State on the :ref:`Title Page <fdl-title-page>` the name of the
   publisher of the :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>`, as the
   publisher.

-  **D.**
   Preserve all the copyright notices of the
   :ref:`Document <fdl-document>`.

-  **E.**
   Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent
   to the other copyright notices.

-  **F.**
   Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
   giving the public permission to use the
   :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>` under the terms of this
   License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.

-  **G.**
   Preserve in that license notice the full lists of
   :ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>` and required
   :ref:`Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>` given in the
   :ref:`Document's <fdl-document>` license notice.

4. 수정본 의무 H~N과 추가 조건

241-317
Modified Version 의무 H~N
항목의무
H이 License의 변경되지 않은 copy를 포함합니다.
IHistory 절과 title을 보존하고 Modified Version의 title, year, new authors, publisher를 추가합니다. 원 Document에 History가 없으면 먼저 원 Document 정보를 기록해 새로 만듭니다.
JDocument와 기반 이전 version의 Transparent copy 공개 network 위치를 보존합니다. 4년 이상 앞서 출판됐거나 원 publisher 허락이 있으면 생략할 수 있습니다.
KAcknowledgements 또는 Dedications 절의 title과 각 감사·헌정의 내용 및 어조를 보존합니다.
L모든 Invariant Section의 text와 title을 변경 없이 보존합니다. Section 번호는 title의 일부로 보지 않습니다.
MEndorsements라는 title의 절은 삭제하며 Modified Version에 포함할 수 없습니다.
N기존 절의 title을 Endorsements로 바꾸거나 Invariant Section title과 충돌하게 바꾸지 않습니다.

License 사본, history, network 위치와 보존 절에 관한 조건입니다.

Modified Version에 Document에서 복제한 material이 없는 새 Secondary Section 또는 appendix를 추가했다면, 일부 또는 전부를 invariant로 지정할 수 있습니다. License notice의 Invariant Sections 목록에 다른 절과 구별되는 title을 추가합니다.

여러 당사자의 Modified Version endorsement만 담는 Endorsements 절은 새로 추가할 수 있습니다. 예를 들어 peer review statement 또는 표준의 권위 있는 정의로 조직이 승인했다는 statement가 해당합니다.

Cover Text 목록 끝에 Front-Cover Text는 최대 5단어, Back-Cover Text는 최대 25단어 한 구절씩 추가할 수 있습니다. 한 entity가 각 표지에 추가할 수 있는 구절은 하나뿐입니다. 같은 entity가 이미 넣은 문구가 있으면 이전 publisher의 명시적 허락으로 대체할 수 있을 뿐 추가할 수 없습니다.

Document 저자와 publisher는 이 License로 자신의 이름을 Modified Version의 홍보에 사용하거나 endorsement를 주장·암시하도록 허가하지 않습니다.

-  **H.**
   Include an unaltered copy of this License.

-  **I.**
   Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to it
   an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher
   of the :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>` as given on the
   :ref:`Title Page <fdl-title-page>`. If there is no section entitled
   "History" in the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>`, create one stating
   the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on
   its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as
   stated in the previous sentence.

-  **J.**
   Preserve the network location, if any, given in the
   :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` for public access to a
   :ref:`Transparent <fdl-transparent>` copy of the Document, and
   likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous
   versions it was based on. These may be placed in the "History"
   section. You may omit a network location for a work that was
   published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the
   original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.

-  **K.**
   In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", preserve
   the section's title, and preserve in the section all the substance
   and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
   dedications given therein.

-  **L.**
   Preserve all the :ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>` of the
   :ref:`Document <fdl-document>`, unaltered in their text and in
   their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered
   part of the section titles.

-  **M.**
   Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be
   included in the :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>`.

-  **N.**
   Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" or to conflict
   in title with any :ref:`Invariant Section <fdl-invariant>`.

If the :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>` includes new
front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as
:ref:`Secondary Sections <fdl-secondary>` and contain no material
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list
of :ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>` in the Modified Version's
license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section
titles.

You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
nothing but endorsements of your
:ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>` by various parties--for
example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by
an organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.

You may add a passage of up to five words as a
:ref:`Front-Cover Text <fdl-cover-texts>`, and a passage of up to 25
words as a :ref:`Back-Cover Text <fdl-cover-texts>`, to the end of the
list of :ref:`Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>` in the
:ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>`. Only one passage of
Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through
arrangements made by) any one entity. If the
:ref:`Document <fdl-document>` already includes a cover text for the
same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same
entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher
that added the old one.

The author(s) and publisher(s) of the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>`
do not by this License give permission to use their names for publicity
for or to assert or imply endorsement of any
:ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>`.

5. 문서 결합

318-346

Section 4의 modified version 조건에 따라 Document를 이 License로 공개된 다른 문서와 결합할 수 있습니다. 모든 원 문서의 Invariant Section을 수정 없이 포함하고 결합 저작물의 license notice에 전부 열거해야 합니다.

결합 저작물에는 이 License 한 copy만 있으면 됩니다. 내용이 동일한 Invariant Section은 하나로 합칠 수 있습니다. 이름은 같지만 내용이 다르면 각 title 뒤 괄호에 알려진 원 저자·publisher 이름 또는 고유 번호를 붙이고 license notice 목록에도 같은 조정을 합니다.

각 원 문서의 History 절은 하나의 History 절로 결합하고, Acknowledgements와 Dedications 절도 각각 결합합니다. Endorsements 절은 모두 삭제해야 합니다.

.. _fdl-section5:

5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
======================

You may combine the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` with other
documents released under this License, under the terms defined in
:ref:`section 4 <fdl-section4>` above for modified versions, provided
that you include in the combination all of the
:ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>` of all of the original
documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
combined work in its license notice.

The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
multiple identical :ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>` may be
replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections
with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such
section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of
the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a
unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the
list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.

In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History" in
the various original documents, forming one section entitled "History";
likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements", and any
sections entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections entitled
"Endorsements."

6. 문서 모음

347-364

Document와 이 License로 공개된 다른 문서로 collection을 만들고, 다른 모든 측면에서 각 문서의 verbatim copying 규칙을 지킨다면 각 문서의 License copy를 collection에 포함한 단일 copy로 대체할 수 있습니다.

그 collection에서 문서 하나를 추출해 개별 배포할 수 있습니다. 추출한 문서에 이 License copy를 삽입하고 그 문서의 verbatim copying에 관한 나머지 조건을 따라야 합니다.

.. _fdl-section6:

6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
===========================

You may make a collection consisting of the
:ref:`Document <fdl-document>` and other documents released under this
License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the
various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection,
provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying
of each of the documents in all other respects.

You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.

7. 독립 저작물과의 집합

365-385

Document 또는 파생물과 별개의 독립 문서·저작물을 storage 또는 distribution medium volume에 함께 모은 compilation은, compilation copyright를 주장하지 않는다면 전체가 Document의 Modified Version으로 간주되지 않습니다. 이를 aggregate라고 합니다.

함께 모였다는 이유만으로 이 License가 Document의 파생물이 아닌 다른 self-contained work에 적용되지는 않습니다. Section 3의 Cover Text 요구가 적용되고 Document가 전체 aggregate의 4분의 1보다 작으면 Document만 둘러싸는 cover에 Cover Text를 둘 수 있고, 그렇지 않으면 전체 aggregate cover에 표시해야 합니다.

.. _fdl-section7:

7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
=====================================

A compilation of the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` or its derivatives
with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a
volume of a storage or distribution medium, does not as a whole count as
a :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>` of the Document, provided no
compilation copyright is claimed for the compilation. Such a compilation
is called an "aggregate", and this License does not apply to the other
self-contained works thus compiled with the Document , on account of
their being thus compiled, if they are not themselves derivative works
of the Document. If the :ref:`Cover Text <fdl-cover-texts>`
requirement of :ref:`section 3 <fdl-section3>` is applicable to these
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter of
the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers
that surround only the Document within the aggregate. Otherwise they
must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.

8. 번역

386-403

번역은 modification의 한 종류이므로 section 4 조건에 따라 Document 번역을 배포할 수 있습니다. Invariant Section을 번역으로 대체하려면 copyright holder의 특별 허락이 필요하지만, 원본 Invariant Section과 함께 일부 또는 전체의 번역을 추가할 수 있습니다.

이 License 번역을 포함할 수 있으나 영어 원문도 함께 포함해야 합니다. 번역과 이 License 영어 원문이 불일치하면 영어 원문이 우선합니다.

.. _fdl-section8:

8. TRANSLATION
==============

Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute
translations of the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` under the terms of
:ref:`section 4 <fdl-section4>`. Replacing
:ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>` with translations requires
special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
translation of this License provided that you also include the original
English version of this License. In case of a disagreement between the
translation and the original English version of this License, the
original English version will prevail.

9. 종료

404-417

이 License가 명시적으로 허용한 경우 외에는 Document를 복제, 수정, sublicense 또는 배포할 수 없습니다. 다른 시도는 무효이며 이 License에 따른 권리를 자동 종료합니다.

다만 이 License에 따라 당신에게서 copy 또는 권리를 받은 당사자가 조건을 완전히 준수하는 한 그 당사자의 license는 종료되지 않습니다.

.. _fdl-section9:

9. TERMINATION
==============

You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the
:ref:`Document <fdl-document>` except as expressly provided for under
this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or
distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your
rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or
rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses
terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.

10. 향후 License 개정

418-439

Free Software Foundation은 GNU Free Documentation License의 새 revised version을 수시로 발표할 수 있습니다. 새 version은 현재 version과 취지는 비슷하지만 새 문제나 우려에 대응하기 위해 세부 내용이 달라질 수 있습니다.

각 version에는 구별되는 번호가 있습니다. Document가 특정 번호 version 'or any later version'을 적용한다고 지정하면 그 version 또는 FSF가 draft가 아닌 상태로 발표한 이후 version 중 하나를 선택할 수 있습니다. Version 번호가 없으면 FSF가 draft가 아닌 상태로 발표한 어느 version이든 선택할 수 있습니다.

.. _fdl-section10:

10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
====================================

The `Free Software Foundation <http://www.gnu.org/fsf/fsf.html>`__
may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License
from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the
present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or
concerns. See
`http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/ <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft>`__.

Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If
the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` specifies that a particular
numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it,
you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that
specified version or of any later version that has been published (not
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not
specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version
ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.

Addendum: 문서에 License 적용하기

440-471

작성한 문서에 이 License를 사용하려면 License copy를 문서에 포함하고 title page 바로 뒤에 다음 copyright와 license notice를 둡니다.

Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME.

이 문서는 Free Software Foundation이 발행한 GNU Free Documentation License
Version 1.1 또는 그 이후 version의 조건에 따라 복제, 배포 및/또는 수정할 수
있습니다. Invariant Sections는 LIST THEIR TITLES이고, Front-Cover Texts는
LIST이며, Back-Cover Texts는 LIST입니다. License copy는 "GNU Free
Documentation License"라는 절에 포함돼 있습니다.

Invariant Section이 없으면 목록 대신 `with no Invariant Sections`라고 씁니다. Front-Cover Text가 없으면 `Front-Cover Texts being LIST` 대신 `no Front-Cover Texts`라고 쓰며 Back-Cover Text도 같은 방식으로 처리합니다.

문서에 중요 program code example이 있다면 자유 software에서 사용할 수 있도록 GNU General Public License 같은 선택한 free software license로 해당 example도 병행 공개할 것을 권장합니다.

.. _fdl-using:

Addendum
========

To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and license
notices just after the title page:

    Copyright © YEAR YOUR NAME.

    Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
    document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
    Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
    Foundation; with the :ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>`
    being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
    :ref:`Front-Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>` being LIST, and with
    the :ref:`Back-Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>` being LIST. A copy
    of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free
    Documentation License".

If you have no :ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>`, write "with
no Invariant Sections" instead of saying which ones are invariant. If
you have no :ref:`Front-Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>`, write "no
Front-Cover Texts" instead of "Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise
for :ref:`Back-Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>`.

If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
software license, such as the
`GNU General Public License <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html>`__,
to permit their use in free software.