요약·해설과 원문, 전문 번역을 서로 분리했습니다. API 이름, symbol, source path는 원문 표기를 사용합니다.
1. 요약·해설
원문의 핵심 논리와 kernel programming 관점의 보충 설명입니다. 아래의 전문 번역과는 별도로 작성했습니다.
2. 영어 원문 전체
번역 기준이 된 Linux v6.18.37 원문입니다. 줄 번호는 이 버전의 파일 좌표입니다.
원문 전체 펼치기
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
.. _fdl:
******************************
GNU Free Documentation License
******************************
.. _fdl-preamble:
0. PREAMBLE
===========
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the
effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying
it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License
preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their
work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by
others.
This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works
of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license
designed for free software.
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program
should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software
does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be
used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is
published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for
works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
.. _fdl-section1:
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
================================
.. _fdl-document:
This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a notice
placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the
terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual
or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as
"you".
.. _fdl-modified:
A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
modifications and/or translated into another language.
.. _fdl-secondary:
A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` that deals exclusively with the
relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the
Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing
that could fall directly within that overall subject. (For example, if
the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section
may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of
historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of
legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position
regarding them.
.. _fdl-invariant:
The "Invariant Sections" are certain
:ref:`Secondary Sections <fdl-secondary>` whose titles are designated,
as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the
:ref:`Document <fdl-document>` is released under this License.
.. _fdl-cover-texts:
The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as
Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the
:ref:`Document <fdl-document>` is released under this License.
.. _fdl-transparent:
A "Transparent" copy of the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` means a
machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is
available to the general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited
directly and straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images
composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely
available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text
formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable
for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent
file format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage
subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is
not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII
without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML
using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML
designed for human modification. Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF,
proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word
processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are
not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML produced by some
word processors for output purposes only.
.. _fdl-title-page:
The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus
such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this
License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which
do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the
most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning
of the body of the text.
.. _fdl-section2:
2. VERBATIM COPYING
===================
You may copy and distribute the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` in any
medium, either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this
License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this
License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that
you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may
not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
number of copies you must also follow the conditions in
:ref:`section 3 <fdl-section3>`.
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
you may publicly display copies.
.. _fdl-section3:
3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
======================
If you publish printed copies of the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>`
numbering more than 100, and the Document's license notice requires
:ref:`Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>`, you must enclose the copies in
covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts:
Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back
cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the
publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title
with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add
other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited
to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the
:ref:`Document <fdl-document>` and satisfy these conditions, can be
treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
pages.
If you publish or distribute :ref:`Opaque <fdl-transparent>` copies of
the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` numbering more than 100, you must
either include a machine-readable :ref:`Transparent <fdl-transparent>`
copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a
publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete
Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the
general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter
option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this
Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location
until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque
copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to
the public.
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
:ref:`Document <fdl-document>` well before redistributing any large
number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated
version of the Document.
.. _fdl-section4:
4. MODIFICATIONS
================
You may copy and distribute a :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>`
of the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` under the conditions of sections
:ref:`2 <fdl-section2>` and :ref:`3 <fdl-section3>` above, provided
that you release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with
the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing
distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever
possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the
Modified Version:
- **A.**
Use in the :ref:`Title Page <fdl-title-page>` (and on the covers,
if any) a title distinct from that of the
:ref:`Document <fdl-document>`, and from those of previous versions
(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of
the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if
the original publisher of that version gives permission.
- **B.**
List on the :ref:`Title Page <fdl-title-page>`, as authors, one or
more persons or entities responsible for authorship of the
modifications in the :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>`,
together with at least five of the principal authors of the
:ref:`Document <fdl-document>` (all of its principal authors, if it
has less than five).
- **C.**
State on the :ref:`Title Page <fdl-title-page>` the name of the
publisher of the :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>`, as the
publisher.
- **D.**
Preserve all the copyright notices of the
:ref:`Document <fdl-document>`.
- **E.**
Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent
to the other copyright notices.
- **F.**
Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
giving the public permission to use the
:ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>` under the terms of this
License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
- **G.**
Preserve in that license notice the full lists of
:ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>` and required
:ref:`Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>` given in the
:ref:`Document's <fdl-document>` license notice.
- **H.**
Include an unaltered copy of this License.
- **I.**
Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to it
an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher
of the :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>` as given on the
:ref:`Title Page <fdl-title-page>`. If there is no section entitled
"History" in the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>`, create one stating
the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on
its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as
stated in the previous sentence.
- **J.**
Preserve the network location, if any, given in the
:ref:`Document <fdl-document>` for public access to a
:ref:`Transparent <fdl-transparent>` copy of the Document, and
likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous
versions it was based on. These may be placed in the "History"
section. You may omit a network location for a work that was
published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the
original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
- **K.**
In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", preserve
the section's title, and preserve in the section all the substance
and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
dedications given therein.
- **L.**
Preserve all the :ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>` of the
:ref:`Document <fdl-document>`, unaltered in their text and in
their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered
part of the section titles.
- **M.**
Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be
included in the :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>`.
- **N.**
Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" or to conflict
in title with any :ref:`Invariant Section <fdl-invariant>`.
If the :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>` includes new
front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as
:ref:`Secondary Sections <fdl-secondary>` and contain no material
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list
of :ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>` in the Modified Version's
license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section
titles.
You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
nothing but endorsements of your
:ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>` by various parties--for
example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by
an organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.
You may add a passage of up to five words as a
:ref:`Front-Cover Text <fdl-cover-texts>`, and a passage of up to 25
words as a :ref:`Back-Cover Text <fdl-cover-texts>`, to the end of the
list of :ref:`Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>` in the
:ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>`. Only one passage of
Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through
arrangements made by) any one entity. If the
:ref:`Document <fdl-document>` already includes a cover text for the
same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same
entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher
that added the old one.
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>`
do not by this License give permission to use their names for publicity
for or to assert or imply endorsement of any
:ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>`.
.. _fdl-section5:
5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
======================
You may combine the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` with other
documents released under this License, under the terms defined in
:ref:`section 4 <fdl-section4>` above for modified versions, provided
that you include in the combination all of the
:ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>` of all of the original
documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
combined work in its license notice.
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
multiple identical :ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>` may be
replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections
with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such
section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of
the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a
unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the
list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History" in
the various original documents, forming one section entitled "History";
likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements", and any
sections entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections entitled
"Endorsements."
.. _fdl-section6:
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
===========================
You may make a collection consisting of the
:ref:`Document <fdl-document>` and other documents released under this
License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the
various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection,
provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying
of each of the documents in all other respects.
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
.. _fdl-section7:
7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
=====================================
A compilation of the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` or its derivatives
with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a
volume of a storage or distribution medium, does not as a whole count as
a :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>` of the Document, provided no
compilation copyright is claimed for the compilation. Such a compilation
is called an "aggregate", and this License does not apply to the other
self-contained works thus compiled with the Document , on account of
their being thus compiled, if they are not themselves derivative works
of the Document. If the :ref:`Cover Text <fdl-cover-texts>`
requirement of :ref:`section 3 <fdl-section3>` is applicable to these
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter of
the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers
that surround only the Document within the aggregate. Otherwise they
must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.
.. _fdl-section8:
8. TRANSLATION
==============
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute
translations of the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` under the terms of
:ref:`section 4 <fdl-section4>`. Replacing
:ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>` with translations requires
special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
translation of this License provided that you also include the original
English version of this License. In case of a disagreement between the
translation and the original English version of this License, the
original English version will prevail.
.. _fdl-section9:
9. TERMINATION
==============
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the
:ref:`Document <fdl-document>` except as expressly provided for under
this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or
distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your
rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or
rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses
terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
.. _fdl-section10:
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
====================================
The `Free Software Foundation <http://www.gnu.org/fsf/fsf.html>`__
may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License
from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the
present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or
concerns. See
`http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/ <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft>`__.
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If
the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` specifies that a particular
numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it,
you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that
specified version or of any later version that has been published (not
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not
specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version
ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
.. _fdl-using:
Addendum
========
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and license
notices just after the title page:
Copyright © YEAR YOUR NAME.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation; with the :ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>`
being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
:ref:`Front-Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>` being LIST, and with
the :ref:`Back-Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>` being LIST. A copy
of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free
Documentation License".
If you have no :ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>`, write "with
no Invariant Sections" instead of saying which ones are invariant. If
you have no :ref:`Front-Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>`, write "no
Front-Cover Texts" instead of "Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise
for :ref:`Back-Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>`.
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
software license, such as the
`GNU General Public License <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html>`__,
to permit their use in free software.
3. 한국어 전문 번역
영어 원문의 문단 순서와 의미를 유지한 전체 번역입니다. 코드, 함수명, symbol과 URL은 원문 표기를 유지합니다.
0. 서문
1-36이 License의 목적은 manual, textbook 또는 그 밖의 문서를 자유라는 의미에서 'free'하게 만드는 것입니다. 누구나 상업적·비상업적으로, 수정하거나 수정하지 않고 효과적으로 복제하고 재배포할 자유를 보장합니다. 동시에 다른 사람이 한 수정에 대해 원 저자와 출판자가 책임지는 것으로 간주되지 않으면서 자신의 작업에 대한 공로를 인정받을 방법을 보존합니다.
이 License는 copyleft의 한 종류입니다. 따라서 문서의 파생 저작물도 같은 의미에서 자유로워야 합니다. 자유 software를 위한 copyleft license인 GNU General Public License를 보완합니다.
자유 software에는 software와 같은 자유를 제공하는 자유 문서가 필요하므로 이 License는 그 manual에 사용하도록 설계됐습니다. 그러나 software manual에 한정되지 않으며 주제나 인쇄 출판 여부와 무관하게 어떤 text work에도 사용할 수 있습니다. 특히 교육 또는 참고 목적의 저작물에 권장됩니다.
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
.. _fdl:
******************************
GNU Free Documentation License
******************************
.. _fdl-preamble:
0. PREAMBLE
===========
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the
effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying
it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License
preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their
work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by
others.
This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works
of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license
designed for free software.
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program
should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software
does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be
used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is
published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for
works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
1. 적용 범위와 정의
37-121이 License는 copyright holder가 이 조건에 따라 배포할 수 있다는 notice를 붙인 manual 또는 다른 저작물에 적용됩니다. 아래에서 'Document'는 그러한 manual 또는 저작물을 뜻하고, 일반 대중의 모든 구성원이 licensee이며 'you'로 지칭됩니다.
수정·배포 조건을 해석할 때 사용하는 용어입니다.
Transparent 형식의 예는 markup 없는 plain ASCII, Texinfo input, LaTeX input, 공개 DTD를 쓰는 SGML/XML, 사람이 수정하도록 만든 표준 준수 simple HTML입니다. PostScript, PDF, proprietary word processor 전용 형식, DTD나 처리 도구가 일반에 제공되지 않는 SGML/XML, 출력 전용 machine-generated HTML은 Opaque 형식의 예입니다.
형식 자체는 Transparent여도 markup이 독자의 후속 수정을 방해하거나 꺼리게 하도록 설계됐다면 Transparent copy가 아닙니다.
.. _fdl-section1:
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
================================
.. _fdl-document:
This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a notice
placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the
terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual
or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as
"you".
.. _fdl-modified:
A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
modifications and/or translated into another language.
.. _fdl-secondary:
A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` that deals exclusively with the
relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the
Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing
that could fall directly within that overall subject. (For example, if
the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section
may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of
historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of
legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position
regarding them.
.. _fdl-invariant:
The "Invariant Sections" are certain
:ref:`Secondary Sections <fdl-secondary>` whose titles are designated,
as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the
:ref:`Document <fdl-document>` is released under this License.
.. _fdl-cover-texts:
The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as
Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the
:ref:`Document <fdl-document>` is released under this License.
.. _fdl-transparent:
A "Transparent" copy of the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` means a
machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is
available to the general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited
directly and straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images
composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely
available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text
formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable
for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent
file format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage
subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is
not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII
without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML
using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML
designed for human modification. Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF,
proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word
processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are
not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML produced by some
word processors for output purposes only.
.. _fdl-title-page:
The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus
such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this
License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which
do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the
most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning
of the body of the text.
2. 원문 그대로 복제
122-141이 License, copyright notice, 이 License가 Document에 적용된다는 license notice를 모든 copy에 재현하고 추가 조건을 전혀 붙이지 않는다면, 어떤 매체로든 상업적·비상업적으로 Document를 복제하고 배포할 수 있습니다.
만들거나 배포하는 copy의 열람 또는 추가 복제를 방해하거나 통제하는 기술 조치를 사용할 수 없습니다. Copy의 대가를 받을 수 있으며, 충분히 많은 copy를 배포할 때는 section 3의 조건도 따라야 합니다.
같은 조건으로 copy를 빌려주거나 공개 전시할 수도 있습니다.
.. _fdl-section2:
2. VERBATIM COPYING
===================
You may copy and distribute the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` in any
medium, either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this
License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this
License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that
you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may
not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
number of copies you must also follow the conditions in
:ref:`section 3 <fdl-section3>`.
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
you may publicly display copies.
3. 대량 복제
142-185Cover Text가 요구되는 Document의 인쇄 copy를 100부보다 많이 출판하면, 모든 Front-Cover Text와 Back-Cover Text를 각 표지에 명확하고 읽기 좋게 실어야 합니다. 두 표지는 배포자를 publisher로 식별해야 하고, 앞표지는 title의 모든 단어를 동일하게 두드러지고 보이도록 full title을 표시해야 합니다.
표지에 다른 내용을 추가할 수 있습니다. Document title과 이 조건을 지키면서 표지만 바꾼 복제는 나머지 측면에서 verbatim copy로 취급할 수 있습니다. Cover Text가 너무 길면 실제 표지에 합리적으로 들어가는 처음 부분을 싣고 나머지는 인접 page에 이어야 합니다.
Opaque copy를 100부보다 많이 출판·배포하면 각 copy에 machine-readable Transparent copy를 함께 넣거나, 추가 material이 없는 완전한 Transparent copy를 일반 대중이 표준 network protocol로 익명·무료 download할 수 있는 공개 network 위치를 각 Opaque copy 안이나 함께 명시해야 합니다.
Network 위치를 선택했다면 대량 배포 시작 때 합리적이고 신중한 조치를 취해, 해당 edition의 마지막 Opaque copy를 직접 또는 대리인·retailer를 통해 배포한 뒤 최소 1년간 그 위치에서 Transparent copy에 접근할 수 있게 해야 합니다.
필수는 아니지만 대량 재배포 훨씬 전에 Document 저자에게 연락해 updated version을 제공할 기회를 주도록 요청합니다.
.. _fdl-section3:
3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
======================
If you publish printed copies of the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>`
numbering more than 100, and the Document's license notice requires
:ref:`Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>`, you must enclose the copies in
covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts:
Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back
cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the
publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title
with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add
other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited
to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the
:ref:`Document <fdl-document>` and satisfy these conditions, can be
treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
pages.
If you publish or distribute :ref:`Opaque <fdl-transparent>` copies of
the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` numbering more than 100, you must
either include a machine-readable :ref:`Transparent <fdl-transparent>`
copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a
publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete
Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the
general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter
option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this
Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location
until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque
copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to
the public.
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
:ref:`Document <fdl-document>` well before redistributing any large
number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated
version of the Document.
4. 수정본 의무 A~G
186-240Sections 2와 3의 조건에 따라 Modified Version을 복제·배포할 수 있지만, 정확히 이 License로 공개하고 Modified Version이 Document의 역할을 하게 해 그 copy를 가진 누구에게나 배포와 수정 권한을 허용해야 합니다. 또한 다음 의무를 지켜야 합니다.
Title Page, 저자, copyright와 license notice에 관한 조건입니다.
.. _fdl-section4:
4. MODIFICATIONS
================
You may copy and distribute a :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>`
of the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` under the conditions of sections
:ref:`2 <fdl-section2>` and :ref:`3 <fdl-section3>` above, provided
that you release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with
the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing
distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever
possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the
Modified Version:
- **A.**
Use in the :ref:`Title Page <fdl-title-page>` (and on the covers,
if any) a title distinct from that of the
:ref:`Document <fdl-document>`, and from those of previous versions
(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of
the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if
the original publisher of that version gives permission.
- **B.**
List on the :ref:`Title Page <fdl-title-page>`, as authors, one or
more persons or entities responsible for authorship of the
modifications in the :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>`,
together with at least five of the principal authors of the
:ref:`Document <fdl-document>` (all of its principal authors, if it
has less than five).
- **C.**
State on the :ref:`Title Page <fdl-title-page>` the name of the
publisher of the :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>`, as the
publisher.
- **D.**
Preserve all the copyright notices of the
:ref:`Document <fdl-document>`.
- **E.**
Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent
to the other copyright notices.
- **F.**
Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
giving the public permission to use the
:ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>` under the terms of this
License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
- **G.**
Preserve in that license notice the full lists of
:ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>` and required
:ref:`Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>` given in the
:ref:`Document's <fdl-document>` license notice.
4. 수정본 의무 H~N과 추가 조건
241-317License 사본, history, network 위치와 보존 절에 관한 조건입니다.
Modified Version에 Document에서 복제한 material이 없는 새 Secondary Section 또는 appendix를 추가했다면, 일부 또는 전부를 invariant로 지정할 수 있습니다. License notice의 Invariant Sections 목록에 다른 절과 구별되는 title을 추가합니다.
여러 당사자의 Modified Version endorsement만 담는 Endorsements 절은 새로 추가할 수 있습니다. 예를 들어 peer review statement 또는 표준의 권위 있는 정의로 조직이 승인했다는 statement가 해당합니다.
Cover Text 목록 끝에 Front-Cover Text는 최대 5단어, Back-Cover Text는 최대 25단어 한 구절씩 추가할 수 있습니다. 한 entity가 각 표지에 추가할 수 있는 구절은 하나뿐입니다. 같은 entity가 이미 넣은 문구가 있으면 이전 publisher의 명시적 허락으로 대체할 수 있을 뿐 추가할 수 없습니다.
Document 저자와 publisher는 이 License로 자신의 이름을 Modified Version의 홍보에 사용하거나 endorsement를 주장·암시하도록 허가하지 않습니다.
- **H.**
Include an unaltered copy of this License.
- **I.**
Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to it
an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher
of the :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>` as given on the
:ref:`Title Page <fdl-title-page>`. If there is no section entitled
"History" in the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>`, create one stating
the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on
its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as
stated in the previous sentence.
- **J.**
Preserve the network location, if any, given in the
:ref:`Document <fdl-document>` for public access to a
:ref:`Transparent <fdl-transparent>` copy of the Document, and
likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous
versions it was based on. These may be placed in the "History"
section. You may omit a network location for a work that was
published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the
original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
- **K.**
In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", preserve
the section's title, and preserve in the section all the substance
and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
dedications given therein.
- **L.**
Preserve all the :ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>` of the
:ref:`Document <fdl-document>`, unaltered in their text and in
their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered
part of the section titles.
- **M.**
Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be
included in the :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>`.
- **N.**
Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" or to conflict
in title with any :ref:`Invariant Section <fdl-invariant>`.
If the :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>` includes new
front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as
:ref:`Secondary Sections <fdl-secondary>` and contain no material
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list
of :ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>` in the Modified Version's
license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section
titles.
You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
nothing but endorsements of your
:ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>` by various parties--for
example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by
an organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.
You may add a passage of up to five words as a
:ref:`Front-Cover Text <fdl-cover-texts>`, and a passage of up to 25
words as a :ref:`Back-Cover Text <fdl-cover-texts>`, to the end of the
list of :ref:`Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>` in the
:ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>`. Only one passage of
Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through
arrangements made by) any one entity. If the
:ref:`Document <fdl-document>` already includes a cover text for the
same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same
entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher
that added the old one.
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>`
do not by this License give permission to use their names for publicity
for or to assert or imply endorsement of any
:ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>`.
5. 문서 결합
318-346Section 4의 modified version 조건에 따라 Document를 이 License로 공개된 다른 문서와 결합할 수 있습니다. 모든 원 문서의 Invariant Section을 수정 없이 포함하고 결합 저작물의 license notice에 전부 열거해야 합니다.
결합 저작물에는 이 License 한 copy만 있으면 됩니다. 내용이 동일한 Invariant Section은 하나로 합칠 수 있습니다. 이름은 같지만 내용이 다르면 각 title 뒤 괄호에 알려진 원 저자·publisher 이름 또는 고유 번호를 붙이고 license notice 목록에도 같은 조정을 합니다.
각 원 문서의 History 절은 하나의 History 절로 결합하고, Acknowledgements와 Dedications 절도 각각 결합합니다. Endorsements 절은 모두 삭제해야 합니다.
.. _fdl-section5:
5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
======================
You may combine the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` with other
documents released under this License, under the terms defined in
:ref:`section 4 <fdl-section4>` above for modified versions, provided
that you include in the combination all of the
:ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>` of all of the original
documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
combined work in its license notice.
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
multiple identical :ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>` may be
replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections
with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such
section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of
the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a
unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the
list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History" in
the various original documents, forming one section entitled "History";
likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements", and any
sections entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections entitled
"Endorsements."
6. 문서 모음
347-364Document와 이 License로 공개된 다른 문서로 collection을 만들고, 다른 모든 측면에서 각 문서의 verbatim copying 규칙을 지킨다면 각 문서의 License copy를 collection에 포함한 단일 copy로 대체할 수 있습니다.
그 collection에서 문서 하나를 추출해 개별 배포할 수 있습니다. 추출한 문서에 이 License copy를 삽입하고 그 문서의 verbatim copying에 관한 나머지 조건을 따라야 합니다.
.. _fdl-section6:
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
===========================
You may make a collection consisting of the
:ref:`Document <fdl-document>` and other documents released under this
License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the
various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection,
provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying
of each of the documents in all other respects.
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
7. 독립 저작물과의 집합
365-385Document 또는 파생물과 별개의 독립 문서·저작물을 storage 또는 distribution medium volume에 함께 모은 compilation은, compilation copyright를 주장하지 않는다면 전체가 Document의 Modified Version으로 간주되지 않습니다. 이를 aggregate라고 합니다.
함께 모였다는 이유만으로 이 License가 Document의 파생물이 아닌 다른 self-contained work에 적용되지는 않습니다. Section 3의 Cover Text 요구가 적용되고 Document가 전체 aggregate의 4분의 1보다 작으면 Document만 둘러싸는 cover에 Cover Text를 둘 수 있고, 그렇지 않으면 전체 aggregate cover에 표시해야 합니다.
.. _fdl-section7:
7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
=====================================
A compilation of the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` or its derivatives
with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a
volume of a storage or distribution medium, does not as a whole count as
a :ref:`Modified Version <fdl-modified>` of the Document, provided no
compilation copyright is claimed for the compilation. Such a compilation
is called an "aggregate", and this License does not apply to the other
self-contained works thus compiled with the Document , on account of
their being thus compiled, if they are not themselves derivative works
of the Document. If the :ref:`Cover Text <fdl-cover-texts>`
requirement of :ref:`section 3 <fdl-section3>` is applicable to these
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter of
the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers
that surround only the Document within the aggregate. Otherwise they
must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.
8. 번역
386-403번역은 modification의 한 종류이므로 section 4 조건에 따라 Document 번역을 배포할 수 있습니다. Invariant Section을 번역으로 대체하려면 copyright holder의 특별 허락이 필요하지만, 원본 Invariant Section과 함께 일부 또는 전체의 번역을 추가할 수 있습니다.
이 License 번역을 포함할 수 있으나 영어 원문도 함께 포함해야 합니다. 번역과 이 License 영어 원문이 불일치하면 영어 원문이 우선합니다.
.. _fdl-section8:
8. TRANSLATION
==============
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute
translations of the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` under the terms of
:ref:`section 4 <fdl-section4>`. Replacing
:ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>` with translations requires
special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
translation of this License provided that you also include the original
English version of this License. In case of a disagreement between the
translation and the original English version of this License, the
original English version will prevail.
9. 종료
404-417이 License가 명시적으로 허용한 경우 외에는 Document를 복제, 수정, sublicense 또는 배포할 수 없습니다. 다른 시도는 무효이며 이 License에 따른 권리를 자동 종료합니다.
다만 이 License에 따라 당신에게서 copy 또는 권리를 받은 당사자가 조건을 완전히 준수하는 한 그 당사자의 license는 종료되지 않습니다.
.. _fdl-section9:
9. TERMINATION
==============
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the
:ref:`Document <fdl-document>` except as expressly provided for under
this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or
distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your
rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or
rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses
terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
10. 향후 License 개정
418-439Free Software Foundation은 GNU Free Documentation License의 새 revised version을 수시로 발표할 수 있습니다. 새 version은 현재 version과 취지는 비슷하지만 새 문제나 우려에 대응하기 위해 세부 내용이 달라질 수 있습니다.
각 version에는 구별되는 번호가 있습니다. Document가 특정 번호 version 'or any later version'을 적용한다고 지정하면 그 version 또는 FSF가 draft가 아닌 상태로 발표한 이후 version 중 하나를 선택할 수 있습니다. Version 번호가 없으면 FSF가 draft가 아닌 상태로 발표한 어느 version이든 선택할 수 있습니다.
.. _fdl-section10:
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
====================================
The `Free Software Foundation <http://www.gnu.org/fsf/fsf.html>`__
may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License
from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the
present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or
concerns. See
`http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/ <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft>`__.
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If
the :ref:`Document <fdl-document>` specifies that a particular
numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it,
you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that
specified version or of any later version that has been published (not
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not
specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version
ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
Addendum: 문서에 License 적용하기
440-471작성한 문서에 이 License를 사용하려면 License copy를 문서에 포함하고 title page 바로 뒤에 다음 copyright와 license notice를 둡니다.
Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME.
이 문서는 Free Software Foundation이 발행한 GNU Free Documentation License
Version 1.1 또는 그 이후 version의 조건에 따라 복제, 배포 및/또는 수정할 수
있습니다. Invariant Sections는 LIST THEIR TITLES이고, Front-Cover Texts는
LIST이며, Back-Cover Texts는 LIST입니다. License copy는 "GNU Free
Documentation License"라는 절에 포함돼 있습니다.
Invariant Section이 없으면 목록 대신 `with no Invariant Sections`라고 씁니다. Front-Cover Text가 없으면 `Front-Cover Texts being LIST` 대신 `no Front-Cover Texts`라고 쓰며 Back-Cover Text도 같은 방식으로 처리합니다.
문서에 중요 program code example이 있다면 자유 software에서 사용할 수 있도록 GNU General Public License 같은 선택한 free software license로 해당 example도 병행 공개할 것을 권장합니다.
.. _fdl-using:
Addendum
========
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and license
notices just after the title page:
Copyright © YEAR YOUR NAME.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation; with the :ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>`
being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
:ref:`Front-Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>` being LIST, and with
the :ref:`Back-Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>` being LIST. A copy
of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free
Documentation License".
If you have no :ref:`Invariant Sections <fdl-invariant>`, write "with
no Invariant Sections" instead of saying which ones are invariant. If
you have no :ref:`Front-Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>`, write "no
Front-Cover Texts" instead of "Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise
for :ref:`Back-Cover Texts <fdl-cover-texts>`.
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
software license, such as the
`GNU General Public License <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html>`__,
to permit their use in free software.
요약·해설
fdl-appendix.rst:1-471GNU FDL 1.1의 비공식 한국어 전문입니다. License 자체의 규정에 따라 번역과 영어 원문이 충돌하면 접을 수 있는 영어 원문이 우선합니다.