Documentation/driver-api/vme.rst GitHub 원문 ↗

Linux 6.18.37 · Driver API

VME Device Drivers

VME driver 등록, master·slave window, DMA linked list, interrupt, location monitor와 bridge 식별 API를 설명하는 한국어 전문 번역입니다.

Source pathDocumentation/driver-api/vme.rst
Source versionLinux v6.18.37
TranslationDUJINLABS 전문 번역 + 해설

요약·해설과 원문, 전문 번역을 서로 분리했습니다. API 이름, symbol, source path는 원문 표기를 사용합니다.

1. 요약·해설

원문의 핵심 논리와 kernel programming 관점의 보충 설명입니다. 아래의 전문 번역과는 별도로 작성했습니다.

요약·해설

vme.rst:1-297

VME driver는 `struct vme_driver`를 core에 등록하고 match를 통과한 `struct vme_dev`에서 master/slave window와 DMA channel을 요청합니다. Core는 address space, cycle, width와 route bitmask를 만족하는 `vme_resource`를 배정하므로 driver는 특정 hardware window 번호에 의존하지 않아야 합니다.

Master window는 local CPU에서 VME bus로, slave window는 VME bus에서 local memory로 access 방향을 만듭니다. DMA는 재사용 가능한 linked list와 endpoint별 attribute로 구성하며 interrupt와 location-monitor callback은 각각 context와 단일-assignment 규칙을 지켜야 합니다.

문서 구성
원문 줄핵심 내용
1-83Driver 등록, matching과 resource management
84-150Master·slave window 구성과 접근
151-207DMA list, attribute와 execution
208-277Interrupt와 location monitor callback
278-297Slot·bus 식별과 kernel-doc API

2. 영어 원문 전체

번역 기준이 된 Linux v6.18.37 원문입니다. 줄 번호는 이 버전의 파일 좌표입니다.

원문 전체 펼치기
1 VME Device Drivers
2 ==================
3
4 Driver registration
5 -------------------
6
7 As with other subsystems within the Linux kernel, VME device drivers register
8 with the VME subsystem, typically called from the devices init routine. This is
9 achieved via a call to :c:func:`vme_register_driver`.
10
11 A pointer to a structure of type :c:type:`struct vme_driver <vme_driver>` must
12 be provided to the registration function. Along with the maximum number of
13 devices your driver is able to support.
14
15 At the minimum, the '.name', '.match' and '.probe' elements of
16 :c:type:`struct vme_driver <vme_driver>` should be correctly set. The '.name'
17 element is a pointer to a string holding the device driver's name.
18
19 The '.match' function allows control over which VME devices should be registered
20 with the driver. The match function should return 1 if a device should be
21 probed and 0 otherwise. This example match function (from vme_user.c) limits
22 the number of devices probed to one:
23
24 .. code-block:: c
25
26 #define USER_BUS_MAX 1
27 ...
28 static int vme_user_match(struct vme_dev *vdev)
29 {
30 if (vdev->id.num >= USER_BUS_MAX)
31 return 0;
32 return 1;
33 }
34
35 The '.probe' element should contain a pointer to the probe routine. The
36 probe routine is passed a :c:type:`struct vme_dev <vme_dev>` pointer as an
37 argument.
38
39 Here, the 'num' field refers to the sequential device ID for this specific
40 driver. The bridge number (or bus number) can be accessed using
41 dev->bridge->num.
42
43 A function is also provided to unregister the driver from the VME core called
44 :c:func:`vme_unregister_driver` and should usually be called from the device
45 driver's exit routine.
46
47
48 Resource management
49 -------------------
50
51 Once a driver has registered with the VME core the provided match routine will
52 be called the number of times specified during the registration. If a match
53 succeeds, a non-zero value should be returned. A zero return value indicates
54 failure. For all successful matches, the probe routine of the corresponding
55 driver is called. The probe routine is passed a pointer to the devices
56 device structure. This pointer should be saved, it will be required for
57 requesting VME resources.
58
59 The driver can request ownership of one or more master windows
60 (:c:func:`vme_master_request`), slave windows (:c:func:`vme_slave_request`)
61 and/or dma channels (:c:func:`vme_dma_request`). Rather than allowing the device
62 driver to request a specific window or DMA channel (which may be used by a
63 different driver) the API allows a resource to be assigned based on the required
64 attributes of the driver in question. For slave windows these attributes are
65 split into the VME address spaces that need to be accessed in 'aspace' and VME
66 bus cycle types required in 'cycle'. Master windows add a further set of
67 attributes in 'width' specifying the required data transfer widths. These
68 attributes are defined as bitmasks and as such any combination of the
69 attributes can be requested for a single window, the core will assign a window
70 that meets the requirements, returning a pointer of type vme_resource that
71 should be used to identify the allocated resource when it is used. For DMA
72 controllers, the request function requires the potential direction of any
73 transfers to be provided in the route attributes. This is typically VME-to-MEM
74 and/or MEM-to-VME, though some hardware can support VME-to-VME and MEM-to-MEM
75 transfers as well as test pattern generation. If an unallocated window fitting
76 the requirements can not be found a NULL pointer will be returned.
77
78 Functions are also provided to free window allocations once they are no longer
79 required. These functions (:c:func:`vme_master_free`, :c:func:`vme_slave_free`
80 and :c:func:`vme_dma_free`) should be passed the pointer to the resource
81 provided during resource allocation.
82
83
84 Master windows
85 --------------
86
87 Master windows provide access from the local processor[s] out onto the VME bus.
88 The number of windows available and the available access modes is dependent on
89 the underlying chipset. A window must be configured before it can be used.
90
91
92 Master window configuration
93 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
94
95 Once a master window has been assigned :c:func:`vme_master_set` can be used to
96 configure it and :c:func:`vme_master_get` to retrieve the current settings. The
97 address spaces, transfer widths and cycle types are the same as described
98 under resource management, however some of the options are mutually exclusive.
99 For example, only one address space may be specified.
100
101
102 Master window access
103 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
104
105 The function :c:func:`vme_master_read` can be used to read from and
106 :c:func:`vme_master_write` used to write to configured master windows.
107
108 In addition to simple reads and writes, :c:func:`vme_master_rmw` is provided to
109 do a read-modify-write transaction. Parts of a VME window can also be mapped
110 into user space memory using :c:func:`vme_master_mmap`.
111
112
113 Slave windows
114 -------------
115
116 Slave windows provide devices on the VME bus access into mapped portions of the
117 local memory. The number of windows available and the access modes that can be
118 used is dependent on the underlying chipset. A window must be configured before
119 it can be used.
120
121
122 Slave window configuration
123 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
124
125 Once a slave window has been assigned :c:func:`vme_slave_set` can be used to
126 configure it and :c:func:`vme_slave_get` to retrieve the current settings.
127
128 The address spaces, transfer widths and cycle types are the same as described
129 under resource management, however some of the options are mutually exclusive.
130 For example, only one address space may be specified.
131
132
133 Slave window buffer allocation
134 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
135
136 Functions are provided to allow the user to allocate
137 (:c:func:`vme_alloc_consistent`) and free (:c:func:`vme_free_consistent`)
138 contiguous buffers which will be accessible by the VME bridge. These functions
139 do not have to be used, other methods can be used to allocate a buffer, though
140 care must be taken to ensure that they are contiguous and accessible by the VME
141 bridge.
142
143
144 Slave window access
145 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
146
147 Slave windows map local memory onto the VME bus, the standard methods for
148 accessing memory should be used.
149
150
151 DMA channels
152 ------------
153
154 The VME DMA transfer provides the ability to run link-list DMA transfers. The
155 API introduces the concept of DMA lists. Each DMA list is a link-list which can
156 be passed to a DMA controller. Multiple lists can be created, extended,
157 executed, reused and destroyed.
158
159
160 List Management
161 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
162
163 The function :c:func:`vme_new_dma_list` is provided to create and
164 :c:func:`vme_dma_list_free` to destroy DMA lists. Execution of a list will not
165 automatically destroy the list, thus enabling a list to be reused for repetitive
166 tasks.
167
168
169 List Population
170 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
171
172 An item can be added to a list using :c:func:`vme_dma_list_add` (the source and
173 destination attributes need to be created before calling this function, this is
174 covered under "Transfer Attributes").
175
176 .. note::
177
178 The detailed attributes of the transfers source and destination
179 are not checked until an entry is added to a DMA list, the request
180 for a DMA channel purely checks the directions in which the
181 controller is expected to transfer data. As a result it is
182 possible for this call to return an error, for example if the
183 source or destination is in an unsupported VME address space.
184
185 Transfer Attributes
186 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
187
188 The attributes for the source and destination are handled separately from adding
189 an item to a list. This is due to the diverse attributes required for each type
190 of source and destination. There are functions to create attributes for PCI, VME
191 and pattern sources and destinations (where appropriate):
192
193 - PCI source or destination: :c:func:`vme_dma_pci_attribute`
194 - VME source or destination: :c:func:`vme_dma_vme_attribute`
195 - Pattern source: :c:func:`vme_dma_pattern_attribute`
196
197 The function :c:func:`vme_dma_free_attribute` should be used to free an
198 attribute.
199
200
201 List Execution
202 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
203
204 The function :c:func:`vme_dma_list_exec` queues a list for execution and will
205 return once the list has been executed.
206
207
208 Interrupts
209 ----------
210
211 The VME API provides functions to attach and detach callbacks to specific VME
212 level and status ID combinations and for the generation of VME interrupts with
213 specific VME level and status IDs.
214
215
216 Attaching Interrupt Handlers
217 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
218
219 The function :c:func:`vme_irq_request` can be used to attach and
220 :c:func:`vme_irq_free` to free a specific VME level and status ID combination.
221 Any given combination can only be assigned a single callback function. A void
222 pointer parameter is provided, the value of which is passed to the callback
223 function, the use of this pointer is user undefined. The callback parameters are
224 as follows. Care must be taken in writing a callback function, callback
225 functions run in interrupt context:
226
227 .. code-block:: c
228
229 void callback(int level, int statid, void *priv);
230
231
232 Interrupt Generation
233 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
234
235 The function :c:func:`vme_irq_generate` can be used to generate a VME interrupt
236 at a given VME level and VME status ID.
237
238
239 Location monitors
240 -----------------
241
242 The VME API provides the following functionality to configure the location
243 monitor.
244
245
246 Location Monitor Management
247 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
248
249 The function :c:func:`vme_lm_request` is provided to request the use of a block
250 of location monitors and :c:func:`vme_lm_free` to free them after they are no
251 longer required. Each block may provide a number of location monitors,
252 monitoring adjacent locations. The function :c:func:`vme_lm_count` can be used
253 to determine how many locations are provided.
254
255
256 Location Monitor Configuration
257 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
258
259 Once a bank of location monitors has been allocated, the function
260 :c:func:`vme_lm_set` is provided to configure the location and mode of the
261 location monitor. The function :c:func:`vme_lm_get` can be used to retrieve
262 existing settings.
263
264
265 Location Monitor Use
266 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
267
268 The function :c:func:`vme_lm_attach` enables a callback to be attached and
269 :c:func:`vme_lm_detach` allows on to be detached from each location monitor
270 location. Each location monitor can monitor a number of adjacent locations. The
271 callback function is declared as follows.
272
273 .. code-block:: c
274
275 void callback(void *data);
276
277
278 Slot Detection
279 --------------
280
281 The function :c:func:`vme_slot_num` returns the slot ID of the provided bridge.
282
283
284 Bus Detection
285 -------------
286
287 The function :c:func:`vme_bus_num` returns the bus ID of the provided bridge.
288
289
290 VME API
291 -------
292
293 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/staging/vme_user/vme.h
294 :internal:
295
296 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/staging/vme_user/vme.c
297 :export:
298

3. 한국어 전문 번역

영어 원문의 문단 순서와 의미를 유지한 전체 번역입니다. 코드, 함수명, symbol과 URL은 원문 표기를 유지합니다.

VME device driver 등록과 matching

1-47

다른 Linux kernel subsystem과 마찬가지로 VME device driver는 보통 device init routine에서 `vme_register_driver()`를 호출해 VME subsystem에 등록합니다.

Registration function에는 `struct vme_driver` pointer와 해당 driver가 지원할 수 있는 최대 device 수를 전달해야 합니다. 최소한 `.name`, `.match`, `.probe` member를 올바르게 설정해야 하며 `.name`은 device driver 이름 문자열을 가리킵니다.

`.match` function은 driver에 등록할 VME device를 제어합니다. Probe해야 할 device에는 1, 그렇지 않으면 0을 반환합니다. `vme_user.c` 예제는 `vdev->id.num`이 `USER_BUS_MAX` 이상인 device를 거부하여 probe 수를 하나로 제한합니다.

`.probe` member는 probe routine을 가리키며 argument로 `struct vme_dev` pointer를 받습니다. `num` field는 이 특정 driver 안에서 순차적으로 부여되는 device ID이고 bridge 또는 bus number는 `dev->bridge->num`으로 접근합니다.

Driver exit routine에서는 일반적으로 `vme_unregister_driver()`를 호출해 VME core 등록을 해제해야 합니다.

VME driver registration lifecycle
Initialize `struct vme_driver`Set `.name`, `.match`, `.probe`Call `vme_register_driver()` with device limitReturn 1 from match for accepted deviceProbe receives `struct vme_dev`Call `vme_unregister_driver()` on exit

Driver 구조체와 최대 device 수를 등록하고 match를 통과한 device마다 probe를 수행한 뒤 exit에서 해제합니다.

VME Device Drivers
==================

Driver registration
-------------------

As with other subsystems within the Linux kernel, VME device drivers register
with the VME subsystem, typically called from the devices init routine.  This is
achieved via a call to :c:func:`vme_register_driver`.

A pointer to a structure of type :c:type:`struct vme_driver <vme_driver>` must
be provided to the registration function. Along with the maximum number of
devices your driver is able to support.

At the minimum, the '.name', '.match' and '.probe' elements of
:c:type:`struct vme_driver <vme_driver>` should be correctly set. The '.name'
element is a pointer to a string holding the device driver's name.

The '.match' function allows control over which VME devices should be registered
with the driver. The match function should return 1 if a device should be
probed and 0 otherwise. This example match function (from vme_user.c) limits
the number of devices probed to one:

.. code-block:: c

        #define USER_BUS_MAX        1
        ...
        static int vme_user_match(struct vme_dev *vdev)
        {
                if (vdev->id.num >= USER_BUS_MAX)
                        return 0;
                return 1;
        }

The '.probe' element should contain a pointer to the probe routine. The
probe routine is passed a :c:type:`struct vme_dev <vme_dev>` pointer as an
argument.

Here, the 'num' field refers to the sequential device ID for this specific
driver. The bridge number (or bus number) can be accessed using
dev->bridge->num.

A function is also provided to unregister the driver from the VME core called
:c:func:`vme_unregister_driver` and should usually be called from the device
driver's exit routine.

VME resource 요청과 해제

48-83

Driver가 VME core에 등록되면 registration 때 지정한 횟수만큼 match routine이 호출됩니다. Match 성공은 non-zero, 실패는 zero로 나타내며, 성공한 각 device에 해당 driver의 probe routine이 호출됩니다.

Probe는 device structure pointer를 받습니다. 이 pointer는 이후 VME resource를 요청할 때 필요하므로 driver가 저장해야 합니다.

Driver는 `vme_master_request()`, `vme_slave_request()`, `vme_dma_request()`로 하나 이상의 master window, slave window, DMA channel ownership을 요청할 수 있습니다. 특정 window나 channel을 직접 요구하면 다른 driver와 충돌할 수 있으므로, API는 필요한 attribute를 만족하는 resource를 core가 배정하게 합니다.

Slave window attribute는 접근할 VME address space를 나타내는 `aspace`와 필요한 VME bus cycle type을 나타내는 `cycle`로 나뉩니다. Master window는 필요한 data-transfer width를 뜻하는 `width` attribute를 추가로 사용합니다.

Attribute는 bitmask이므로 하나의 window 요청에 여러 조합을 지정할 수 있습니다. Core는 조건을 만족하는 window를 찾아 할당하고, 이후 resource 식별에 사용할 `vme_resource` pointer를 반환합니다. 조건에 맞는 미할당 window가 없으면 `NULL`을 반환합니다.

DMA controller 요청에는 가능한 transfer direction을 route attribute로 전달합니다. 일반적으로 VME-to-MEM과 MEM-to-VME이며, hardware에 따라 VME-to-VME, MEM-to-MEM, test-pattern generation도 지원합니다.

Resource가 더 이상 필요하지 않으면 allocation 때 받은 pointer를 `vme_master_free()`, `vme_slave_free()`, `vme_dma_free()`에 전달해 해제합니다.

VME resource attribute와 API
Resource요청 attribute해제 API
Master window`aspace`, `cycle`, `width``vme_master_free()`
Slave window`aspace`, `cycle``vme_slave_free()`
DMA channelVME/MEM source-destination route`vme_dma_free()`
Allocation result조건을 만족하는 `vme_resource`조건 불충족 시 `NULL`

Resource management
-------------------

Once a driver has registered with the VME core the provided match routine will
be called the number of times specified during the registration. If a match
succeeds, a non-zero value should be returned. A zero return value indicates
failure. For all successful matches, the probe routine of the corresponding
driver is called. The probe routine is passed a pointer to the devices
device structure. This pointer should be saved, it will be required for
requesting VME resources.

The driver can request ownership of one or more master windows
(:c:func:`vme_master_request`), slave windows (:c:func:`vme_slave_request`)
and/or dma channels (:c:func:`vme_dma_request`). Rather than allowing the device
driver to request a specific window or DMA channel (which may be used by a
different driver) the API allows a resource to be assigned based on the required
attributes of the driver in question. For slave windows these attributes are
split into the VME address spaces that need to be accessed in 'aspace' and VME
bus cycle types required in 'cycle'. Master windows add a further set of
attributes in 'width' specifying the required data transfer widths. These
attributes are defined as bitmasks and as such any combination of the
attributes can be requested for a single window, the core will assign a window
that meets the requirements, returning a pointer of type vme_resource that
should be used to identify the allocated resource when it is used. For DMA
controllers, the request function requires the potential direction of any
transfers to be provided in the route attributes. This is typically VME-to-MEM
and/or MEM-to-VME, though some hardware can support VME-to-VME and MEM-to-MEM
transfers as well as test pattern generation. If an unallocated window fitting
the requirements can not be found a NULL pointer will be returned.

Functions are also provided to free window allocations once they are no longer
required. These functions (:c:func:`vme_master_free`, :c:func:`vme_slave_free`
and :c:func:`vme_dma_free`) should be passed the pointer to the resource
provided during resource allocation.

Master window 구성과 접근

84-112

Master window는 local processor가 VME bus 쪽으로 접근할 수 있게 합니다. 사용할 수 있는 window 수와 access mode는 underlying chipset에 따라 달라지며 사용 전에 반드시 구성해야 합니다.

할당된 master window는 `vme_master_set()`으로 구성하고 `vme_master_get()`으로 현재 setting을 조회합니다. Address space, transfer width, cycle type은 resource-management 절의 attribute와 같지만 일부 option은 서로 배타적입니다. 예를 들어 address space는 하나만 지정할 수 있습니다.

구성된 master window는 `vme_master_read()`로 읽고 `vme_master_write()`로 씁니다. `vme_master_rmw()`는 read-modify-write transaction을 제공하며 `vme_master_mmap()`은 VME window 일부를 userspace memory에 mapping합니다.

Master window 사용 흐름
Request compatible master windowConfigure with `vme_master_set()`Verify with `vme_master_get()`Read, write or read-modify-writeOptionally map range with `vme_master_mmap()`Free master resource

Local processor에서 VME bus로 나가는 access를 위해 resource를 요청하고 단일 address space로 구성한 뒤 I/O를 수행합니다.

Master windows
--------------

Master windows provide access from the local processor[s] out onto the VME bus.
The number of windows available and the available access modes is dependent on
the underlying chipset. A window must be configured before it can be used.


Master window configuration
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Once a master window has been assigned :c:func:`vme_master_set` can be used to
configure it and :c:func:`vme_master_get` to retrieve the current settings. The
address spaces, transfer widths and cycle types are the same as described
under resource management, however some of the options are mutually exclusive.
For example, only one address space may be specified.


Master window access
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The function :c:func:`vme_master_read` can be used to read from and
:c:func:`vme_master_write` used to write to configured master windows.

In addition to simple reads and writes, :c:func:`vme_master_rmw` is provided to
do a read-modify-write transaction. Parts of a VME window can also be mapped
into user space memory using :c:func:`vme_master_mmap`.

Slave window와 contiguous buffer

113-150

Slave window는 VME bus의 device가 mapping된 local memory 영역에 접근하게 합니다. Window 수와 access mode는 underlying chipset에 따라 다르며 사용 전에 구성해야 합니다.

할당된 slave window는 `vme_slave_set()`으로 구성하고 `vme_slave_get()`으로 현재 setting을 조회합니다. Address space, transfer width, cycle type 규칙은 resource-management 절과 같고, address space 하나만 선택할 수 있는 것처럼 일부 option은 서로 배타적입니다.

`vme_alloc_consistent()`와 `vme_free_consistent()`는 VME bridge가 접근 가능한 contiguous buffer를 할당하고 해제합니다. 반드시 이 함수만 써야 하는 것은 아니지만 다른 allocation method를 사용하면 buffer가 contiguous하고 VME bridge에서 접근 가능한지 보장해야 합니다.

Slave window는 local memory를 VME bus에 mapping하므로 실제 memory 접근에는 standard memory-access method를 사용합니다.

Slave window memory exposure
Allocate contiguous bridge-accessible bufferRequest compatible slave windowConfigure mapping with `vme_slave_set()`Expose local memory on VME busUse standard memory access locallyFree window and consistent buffer

VME device가 local memory를 볼 수 있도록 bridge-accessible contiguous buffer와 slave mapping을 구성합니다.

Slave windows
-------------

Slave windows provide devices on the VME bus access into mapped portions of the
local memory. The number of windows available and the access modes that can be
used is dependent on the underlying chipset. A window must be configured before
it can be used.


Slave window configuration
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Once a slave window has been assigned :c:func:`vme_slave_set` can be used to
configure it and :c:func:`vme_slave_get` to retrieve the current settings.

The address spaces, transfer widths and cycle types are the same as described
under resource management, however some of the options are mutually exclusive.
For example, only one address space may be specified.


Slave window buffer allocation
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Functions are provided to allow the user to allocate
(:c:func:`vme_alloc_consistent`) and free (:c:func:`vme_free_consistent`)
contiguous buffers which will be accessible by the VME bridge. These functions
do not have to be used, other methods can be used to allocate a buffer, though
care must be taken to ensure that they are contiguous and accessible by the VME
bridge.


Slave window access
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Slave windows map local memory onto the VME bus, the standard methods for
accessing memory should be used.

DMA channel과 linked-list 관리

151-168

VME DMA transfer는 linked-list DMA operation을 실행할 수 있습니다. API의 DMA list는 DMA controller에 넘기는 linked list이며 여러 list를 만들고 확장하고 실행하고 재사용하고 제거할 수 있습니다.

`vme_new_dma_list()`로 list를 만들고 `vme_dma_list_free()`로 제거합니다. List를 실행해도 자동으로 파괴되지 않으므로 반복 작업에 같은 list를 재사용할 수 있습니다.

DMA list lifecycle
단계API와 의미
Create`vme_new_dma_list()`
ExtendTransfer item을 linked list에 추가
ExecuteController가 list 순서로 DMA 수행
Reuse실행 후에도 list 유지
Destroy`vme_dma_list_free()`

DMA channels
------------

The VME DMA transfer provides the ability to run link-list DMA transfers. The
API introduces the concept of DMA lists. Each DMA list is a link-list which can
be passed to a DMA controller. Multiple lists can be created, extended,
executed, reused and destroyed.


List Management
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The function :c:func:`vme_new_dma_list` is provided to create and
:c:func:`vme_dma_list_free` to destroy DMA lists. Execution of a list will not
automatically destroy the list, thus enabling a list to be reused for repetitive
tasks.

DMA item attribute와 실행

169-207

`vme_dma_list_add()`로 DMA list에 item을 추가합니다. 호출 전에 source와 destination attribute를 만들어야 하며 구체적인 생성 함수는 transfer endpoint 종류에 따라 다릅니다.

DMA channel 요청 단계에서는 controller가 지원해야 할 transfer direction만 검사합니다. Source와 destination의 세부 attribute는 item을 DMA list에 추가할 때 비로소 검증하므로, unsupported VME address space 같은 이유로 `vme_dma_list_add()`가 error를 반환할 수 있습니다.

Source와 destination attribute를 list item 추가와 분리한 이유는 endpoint 종류마다 필요한 속성이 다양하기 때문입니다. PCI source 또는 destination은 `vme_dma_pci_attribute()`, VME source 또는 destination은 `vme_dma_vme_attribute()`, pattern source는 `vme_dma_pattern_attribute()`로 만듭니다.

생성한 attribute는 `vme_dma_free_attribute()`로 해제합니다. 완성된 list는 `vme_dma_list_exec()`로 execution queue에 넣으며 함수는 list 실행이 끝난 뒤 반환합니다.

VME DMA list 구성과 실행
Request DMA channel by route directionCreate PCI, VME or pattern source attributeCreate destination attributeCall `vme_dma_list_add()` and validate detailsExecute with `vme_dma_list_exec()`Reuse list or free attributes and list

Channel은 방향만 선검사하고 실제 endpoint capability는 list item 추가 시 검증합니다.

List Population
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

An item can be added to a list using :c:func:`vme_dma_list_add` (the source and
destination attributes need to be created before calling this function, this is
covered under "Transfer Attributes").

.. note::

        The detailed attributes of the transfers source and destination
        are not checked until an entry is added to a DMA list, the request
        for a DMA channel purely checks the directions in which the
        controller is expected to transfer data. As a result it is
        possible for this call to return an error, for example if the
        source or destination is in an unsupported VME address space.

Transfer Attributes
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The attributes for the source and destination are handled separately from adding
an item to a list. This is due to the diverse attributes required for each type
of source and destination. There are functions to create attributes for PCI, VME
and pattern sources and destinations (where appropriate):

 - PCI source or destination: :c:func:`vme_dma_pci_attribute`
 - VME source or destination: :c:func:`vme_dma_vme_attribute`
 - Pattern source: :c:func:`vme_dma_pattern_attribute`

The function :c:func:`vme_dma_free_attribute` should be used to free an
attribute.


List Execution
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The function :c:func:`vme_dma_list_exec` queues a list for execution and will
return once the list has been executed.

VME interrupt handler와 생성

208-237

VME API는 특정 VME level과 status ID 조합에 callback을 attach/detach하고, 지정 level과 status ID로 VME interrupt를 생성하는 기능을 제공합니다.

`vme_irq_request()`로 특정 조합에 handler를 연결하고 `vme_irq_free()`로 해제합니다. 하나의 level/status-ID 조합에는 callback 하나만 할당할 수 있습니다.

Request에 전달한 `void *` 값은 callback의 `priv` argument로 그대로 전달되며 사용 의미는 driver가 정의합니다. Callback prototype은 `void callback(int level, int statid, void *priv);`이고 interrupt context에서 실행되므로 sleeping operation 등 context 제약을 지켜야 합니다.

`vme_irq_generate()`는 지정한 VME level과 status ID로 interrupt를 발생시킵니다.

VME interrupt API
API역할
`vme_irq_request()`Level/status-ID 조합에 단일 callback 연결
`vme_irq_free()`해당 callback 해제
CallbackInterrupt context에서 `level`, `statid`, `priv` 수신
`vme_irq_generate()`지정 조합의 VME interrupt 생성

Interrupts
----------

The VME API provides functions to attach and detach callbacks to specific VME
level and status ID combinations and for the generation of VME interrupts with
specific VME level and status IDs.


Attaching Interrupt Handlers
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The function :c:func:`vme_irq_request` can be used to attach and
:c:func:`vme_irq_free` to free a specific VME level and status ID combination.
Any given combination can only be assigned a single callback function. A void
pointer parameter is provided, the value of which is passed to the callback
function, the use of this pointer is user undefined. The callback parameters are
as follows. Care must be taken in writing a callback function, callback
functions run in interrupt context:

.. code-block:: c

        void callback(int level, int statid, void *priv);


Interrupt Generation
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The function :c:func:`vme_irq_generate` can be used to generate a VME interrupt
at a given VME level and VME status ID.

Location monitor 관리와 callback

238-277

VME API는 location monitor를 구성하고 사용할 수 있는 기능을 제공합니다.

`vme_lm_request()`로 location-monitor block을 요청하고 더 이상 필요하지 않으면 `vme_lm_free()`로 해제합니다. 각 block은 서로 인접한 location을 감시하는 여러 monitor를 제공할 수 있으며 `vme_lm_count()`로 제공 개수를 확인합니다.

Monitor bank를 할당한 뒤 `vme_lm_set()`으로 감시 location과 mode를 구성하고 `vme_lm_get()`으로 기존 setting을 조회합니다.

각 location monitor에는 `vme_lm_attach()`로 callback을 연결하고 `vme_lm_detach()`로 해제합니다. Monitor 하나가 여러 adjacent location을 감시할 수 있으며 callback prototype은 `void callback(void *data);`입니다.

Location monitor lifecycle
Request block with `vme_lm_request()`Count locations with `vme_lm_count()`Configure location and mode using `vme_lm_set()`Read settings with `vme_lm_get()`Attach or detach callback per monitorRelease block with `vme_lm_free()`

Monitor block의 크기를 확인하고 각 location과 mode를 구성한 뒤 callback을 연결합니다.


Location monitors
-----------------

The VME API provides the following functionality to configure the location
monitor.


Location Monitor Management
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The function :c:func:`vme_lm_request` is provided to request the use of a block
of location monitors and :c:func:`vme_lm_free` to free them after they are no
longer required. Each block may provide a number of location monitors,
monitoring adjacent locations. The function :c:func:`vme_lm_count` can be used
to determine how many locations are provided.


Location Monitor Configuration
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Once a bank of location monitors has been allocated, the function
:c:func:`vme_lm_set` is provided to configure the location and mode of the
location monitor. The function :c:func:`vme_lm_get` can be used to retrieve
existing settings.


Location Monitor Use
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The function :c:func:`vme_lm_attach` enables a callback to be attached and
:c:func:`vme_lm_detach` allows on to be detached from each location monitor
location. Each location monitor can monitor a number of adjacent locations. The
callback function is declared as follows.

.. code-block:: c

        void callback(void *data);

Bridge의 slot과 bus ID 조회

278-289

`vme_slot_num()`은 제공된 VME bridge의 slot ID를 반환합니다. `vme_bus_num()`은 같은 bridge의 bus ID를 반환합니다.

VME bridge identification
함수반환값
`vme_slot_num()`Bridge가 위치한 VME slot ID
`vme_bus_num()`Bridge가 속한 VME bus ID

Slot Detection
--------------

The function :c:func:`vme_slot_num` returns the slot ID of the provided bridge.


Bus Detection
-------------

The function :c:func:`vme_bus_num` returns the bus ID of the provided bridge.

VME kernel-doc API 원본

290-297

VME API의 internal declaration 문서는 `drivers/staging/vme_user/vme.h`에서, export된 함수 구현 문서는 `drivers/staging/vme_user/vme.c`에서 kernel-doc으로 생성됩니다. 실제 callback signature와 function contract를 확인할 때 이 source path가 기준입니다.

VME API source
경로Kernel-doc 범위
`drivers/staging/vme_user/vme.h`Internal type와 declaration
`drivers/staging/vme_user/vme.c`Exported function documentation

VME API
-------

.. kernel-doc:: drivers/staging/vme_user/vme.h
   :internal:

.. kernel-doc:: drivers/staging/vme_user/vme.c
   :export: