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Linux 6.18.37 · Architecture

MTRR (Memory Type Range Register) control

MTRR의 PAT 전환, /proc/mtrr 관리, overlap range와 ioctl ABI를 설명합니다.

Source pathDocumentation/arch/x86/mtrr.rst
Source versionLinux v6.18.37
TranslationDUJINLABS 전문 번역 + 해설

요약·해설과 원문, 전문 번역을 서로 분리했습니다. API 이름, symbol, source path는 원문 표기를 사용합니다.

1. 요약·해설

원문의 핵심 논리와 kernel programming 관점의 보충 설명입니다. 아래의 전문 번역과는 별도로 작성했습니다.

요약과 해설

mtrr.rst:1-354

현대 Linux driver는 MTRR을 직접 다루지 않고 `arch_phys_wc_add()`와 `ioremap_wc()`를 사용해 PAT system과 non-PAT system을 함께 지원합니다. firmware가 남긴 MTRR과 OS mapping의 일관성은 `mtrr_type_lookup()`이 확인합니다.

interface용도
ASCII `/proc/mtrr`administrator가 register를 읽고 생성·삭제
`MTRRIOC_GET_ENTRY`C program에서 register를 순회해 조회
`MTRRIOC_ADD_ENTRY`C program에서 첫 available register에 entry 추가

2. 영어 원문 전체

번역 기준이 된 Linux v6.18.37 원문입니다. 줄 번호는 이 버전의 파일 좌표입니다.

원문 전체 펼치기
1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2
3 =========================================
4 MTRR (Memory Type Range Register) control
5 =========================================
6
7 :Authors: - Richard Gooch <[email protected]> - 3 Jun 1999
8 - Luis R. Rodriguez <[email protected]> - April 9, 2015
9
10
11 Phasing out MTRR use
12 ====================
13
14 MTRR use is replaced on modern x86 hardware with PAT. Direct MTRR use by
15 drivers on Linux is now completely phased out, device drivers should use
16 arch_phys_wc_add() in combination with ioremap_wc() to make MTRR effective on
17 non-PAT systems while a no-op but equally effective on PAT enabled systems.
18
19 Even if Linux does not use MTRRs directly, some x86 platform firmware may still
20 set up MTRRs early before booting the OS. They do this as some platform
21 firmware may still have implemented access to MTRRs which would be controlled
22 and handled by the platform firmware directly. An example of platform use of
23 MTRRs is through the use of SMI handlers, one case could be for fan control,
24 the platform code would need uncachable access to some of its fan control
25 registers. Such platform access does not need any Operating System MTRR code in
26 place other than mtrr_type_lookup() to ensure any OS specific mapping requests
27 are aligned with platform MTRR setup. If MTRRs are only set up by the platform
28 firmware code though and the OS does not make any specific MTRR mapping
29 requests mtrr_type_lookup() should always return MTRR_TYPE_INVALID.
30
31 For details refer to Documentation/arch/x86/pat.rst.
32
33 .. tip::
34 On Intel P6 family processors (Pentium Pro, Pentium II and later)
35 the Memory Type Range Registers (MTRRs) may be used to control
36 processor access to memory ranges. This is most useful when you have
37 a video (VGA) card on a PCI or AGP bus. Enabling write-combining
38 allows bus write transfers to be combined into a larger transfer
39 before bursting over the PCI/AGP bus. This can increase performance
40 of image write operations 2.5 times or more.
41
42 The Cyrix 6x86, 6x86MX and M II processors have Address Range
43 Registers (ARRs) which provide a similar functionality to MTRRs. For
44 these, the ARRs are used to emulate the MTRRs.
45
46 The AMD K6-2 (stepping 8 and above) and K6-3 processors have two
47 MTRRs. These are supported. The AMD Athlon family provide 8 Intel
48 style MTRRs.
49
50 The Centaur C6 (WinChip) has 8 MCRs, allowing write-combining. These
51 are supported.
52
53 The VIA Cyrix III and VIA C3 CPUs offer 8 Intel style MTRRs.
54
55 The CONFIG_MTRR option creates a /proc/mtrr file which may be used
56 to manipulate your MTRRs. Typically the X server should use
57 this. This should have a reasonably generic interface so that
58 similar control registers on other processors can be easily
59 supported.
60
61 There are two interfaces to /proc/mtrr: one is an ASCII interface
62 which allows you to read and write. The other is an ioctl()
63 interface. The ASCII interface is meant for administration. The
64 ioctl() interface is meant for C programs (i.e. the X server). The
65 interfaces are described below, with sample commands and C code.
66
67
68 Reading MTRRs from the shell
69 ============================
70 ::
71
72 % cat /proc/mtrr
73 reg00: base=0x00000000 ( 0MB), size= 128MB: write-back, count=1
74 reg01: base=0x08000000 ( 128MB), size= 64MB: write-back, count=1
75
76 Creating MTRRs from the C-shell::
77
78 # echo "base=0xf8000000 size=0x400000 type=write-combining" >! /proc/mtrr
79
80 or if you use bash::
81
82 # echo "base=0xf8000000 size=0x400000 type=write-combining" >| /proc/mtrr
83
84 And the result thereof::
85
86 % cat /proc/mtrr
87 reg00: base=0x00000000 ( 0MB), size= 128MB: write-back, count=1
88 reg01: base=0x08000000 ( 128MB), size= 64MB: write-back, count=1
89 reg02: base=0xf8000000 (3968MB), size= 4MB: write-combining, count=1
90
91 This is for video RAM at base address 0xf8000000 and size 4 megabytes. To
92 find out your base address, you need to look at the output of your X
93 server, which tells you where the linear framebuffer address is. A
94 typical line that you may get is::
95
96 (--) S3: PCI: 968 rev 0, Linear FB @ 0xf8000000
97
98 Note that you should only use the value from the X server, as it may
99 move the framebuffer base address, so the only value you can trust is
100 that reported by the X server.
101
102 To find out the size of your framebuffer (what, you don't actually
103 know?), the following line will tell you::
104
105 (--) S3: videoram: 4096k
106
107 That's 4 megabytes, which is 0x400000 bytes (in hexadecimal).
108 A patch is being written for XFree86 which will make this automatic:
109 in other words the X server will manipulate /proc/mtrr using the
110 ioctl() interface, so users won't have to do anything. If you use a
111 commercial X server, lobby your vendor to add support for MTRRs.
112
113
114 Creating overlapping MTRRs
115 ==========================
116 ::
117
118 %echo "base=0xfb000000 size=0x1000000 type=write-combining" >/proc/mtrr
119 %echo "base=0xfb000000 size=0x1000 type=uncachable" >/proc/mtrr
120
121 And the results::
122
123 % cat /proc/mtrr
124 reg00: base=0x00000000 ( 0MB), size= 64MB: write-back, count=1
125 reg01: base=0xfb000000 (4016MB), size= 16MB: write-combining, count=1
126 reg02: base=0xfb000000 (4016MB), size= 4kB: uncachable, count=1
127
128 Some cards (especially Voodoo Graphics boards) need this 4 kB area
129 excluded from the beginning of the region because it is used for
130 registers.
131
132 NOTE: You can only create type=uncachable region, if the first
133 region that you created is type=write-combining.
134
135
136 Removing MTRRs from the C-shel
137 ==============================
138 ::
139
140 % echo "disable=2" >! /proc/mtrr
141
142 or using bash::
143
144 % echo "disable=2" >| /proc/mtrr
145
146
147 Reading MTRRs from a C program using ioctl()'s
148 ==============================================
149 ::
150
151 /* mtrr-show.c
152
153 Source file for mtrr-show (example program to show MTRRs using ioctl()'s)
154
155 Copyright (C) 1997-1998 Richard Gooch
156
157 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
158 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
159 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
160 (at your option) any later version.
161
162 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
163 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
164 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
165 GNU General Public License for more details.
166
167 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
168 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
169 Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
170
171 Richard Gooch may be reached by email at [email protected]
172 The postal address is:
173 Richard Gooch, c/o ATNF, P. O. Box 76, Epping, N.S.W., 2121, Australia.
174 */
175
176 /*
177 This program will use an ioctl() on /proc/mtrr to show the current MTRR
178 settings. This is an alternative to reading /proc/mtrr.
179
180
181 Written by Richard Gooch 17-DEC-1997
182
183 Last updated by Richard Gooch 2-MAY-1998
184
185
186 */
187 #include <stdio.h>
188 #include <stdlib.h>
189 #include <string.h>
190 #include <sys/types.h>
191 #include <sys/stat.h>
192 #include <fcntl.h>
193 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
194 #include <errno.h>
195 #include <asm/mtrr.h>
196
197 #define TRUE 1
198 #define FALSE 0
199 #define ERRSTRING strerror (errno)
200
201 static char *mtrr_strings[MTRR_NUM_TYPES] =
202 {
203 "uncachable", /* 0 */
204 "write-combining", /* 1 */
205 "?", /* 2 */
206 "?", /* 3 */
207 "write-through", /* 4 */
208 "write-protect", /* 5 */
209 "write-back", /* 6 */
210 };
211
212 int main ()
213 {
214 int fd;
215 struct mtrr_gentry gentry;
216
217 if ( ( fd = open ("/proc/mtrr", O_RDONLY, 0) ) == -1 )
218 {
219 if (errno == ENOENT)
220 {
221 fputs ("/proc/mtrr not found: not supported or you don't have a PPro?\n",
222 stderr);
223 exit (1);
224 }
225 fprintf (stderr, "Error opening /proc/mtrr\t%s\n", ERRSTRING);
226 exit (2);
227 }
228 for (gentry.regnum = 0; ioctl (fd, MTRRIOC_GET_ENTRY, &gentry) == 0;
229 ++gentry.regnum)
230 {
231 if (gentry.size < 1)
232 {
233 fprintf (stderr, "Register: %u disabled\n", gentry.regnum);
234 continue;
235 }
236 fprintf (stderr, "Register: %u base: 0x%lx size: 0x%lx type: %s\n",
237 gentry.regnum, gentry.base, gentry.size,
238 mtrr_strings[gentry.type]);
239 }
240 if (errno == EINVAL) exit (0);
241 fprintf (stderr, "Error doing ioctl(2) on /dev/mtrr\t%s\n", ERRSTRING);
242 exit (3);
243 } /* End Function main */
244
245
246 Creating MTRRs from a C programme using ioctl()'s
247 =================================================
248 ::
249
250 /* mtrr-add.c
251
252 Source file for mtrr-add (example programme to add an MTRRs using ioctl())
253
254 Copyright (C) 1997-1998 Richard Gooch
255
256 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
257 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
258 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
259 (at your option) any later version.
260
261 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
262 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
263 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
264 GNU General Public License for more details.
265
266 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
267 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
268 Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
269
270 Richard Gooch may be reached by email at [email protected]
271 The postal address is:
272 Richard Gooch, c/o ATNF, P. O. Box 76, Epping, N.S.W., 2121, Australia.
273 */
274
275 /*
276 This programme will use an ioctl() on /proc/mtrr to add an entry. The first
277 available mtrr is used. This is an alternative to writing /proc/mtrr.
278
279
280 Written by Richard Gooch 17-DEC-1997
281
282 Last updated by Richard Gooch 2-MAY-1998
283
284
285 */
286 #include <stdio.h>
287 #include <string.h>
288 #include <stdlib.h>
289 #include <unistd.h>
290 #include <sys/types.h>
291 #include <sys/stat.h>
292 #include <fcntl.h>
293 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
294 #include <errno.h>
295 #include <asm/mtrr.h>
296
297 #define TRUE 1
298 #define FALSE 0
299 #define ERRSTRING strerror (errno)
300
301 static char *mtrr_strings[MTRR_NUM_TYPES] =
302 {
303 "uncachable", /* 0 */
304 "write-combining", /* 1 */
305 "?", /* 2 */
306 "?", /* 3 */
307 "write-through", /* 4 */
308 "write-protect", /* 5 */
309 "write-back", /* 6 */
310 };
311
312 int main (int argc, char **argv)
313 {
314 int fd;
315 struct mtrr_sentry sentry;
316
317 if (argc != 4)
318 {
319 fprintf (stderr, "Usage:\tmtrr-add base size type\n");
320 exit (1);
321 }
322 sentry.base = strtoul (argv[1], NULL, 0);
323 sentry.size = strtoul (argv[2], NULL, 0);
324 for (sentry.type = 0; sentry.type < MTRR_NUM_TYPES; ++sentry.type)
325 {
326 if (strcmp (argv[3], mtrr_strings[sentry.type]) == 0) break;
327 }
328 if (sentry.type >= MTRR_NUM_TYPES)
329 {
330 fprintf (stderr, "Illegal type: \"%s\"\n", argv[3]);
331 exit (2);
332 }
333 if ( ( fd = open ("/proc/mtrr", O_WRONLY, 0) ) == -1 )
334 {
335 if (errno == ENOENT)
336 {
337 fputs ("/proc/mtrr not found: not supported or you don't have a PPro?\n",
338 stderr);
339 exit (3);
340 }
341 fprintf (stderr, "Error opening /proc/mtrr\t%s\n", ERRSTRING);
342 exit (4);
343 }
344 if (ioctl (fd, MTRRIOC_ADD_ENTRY, &sentry) == -1)
345 {
346 fprintf (stderr, "Error doing ioctl(2) on /dev/mtrr\t%s\n", ERRSTRING);
347 exit (5);
348 }
349 fprintf (stderr, "Sleeping for 5 seconds so you can see the new entry\n");
350 sleep (5);
351 close (fd);
352 fputs ("I've just closed /proc/mtrr so now the new entry should be gone\n",
353 stderr);
354 } /* End Function main */
355

3. 한국어 전문 번역

영어 원문의 문단 순서와 의미를 유지한 전체 번역입니다. 코드, 함수명, symbol과 URL은 원문 표기를 유지합니다.

MTRR 사용 중단과 PAT 전환

1-31

이 문서는 `SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0`으로 배포됩니다. Richard Gooch `<[email protected]>`가 1999년 6월 3일 작성했고 Luis R. Rodriguez `<[email protected]>`가 2015년 4월 9일 갱신했습니다.

현대 x86 hardware에서는 MTRR 사용을 PAT가 대체합니다. Linux device driver가 MTRR을 직접 사용하는 방식은 완전히 단계적으로 폐지되었습니다. driver는 `arch_phys_wc_add()`와 `ioremap_wc()`를 함께 사용해야 합니다. 이 조합은 PAT가 없는 system에서는 MTRR을 적용하고 PAT가 활성화된 system에서는 no-op이지만 같은 효과를 냅니다.

Linux가 MTRR을 직접 사용하지 않아도 일부 x86 platform firmware는 OS boot 전에 MTRR을 설정할 수 있습니다. platform firmware가 MTRR access를 직접 구현하고 제어하는 경우가 있기 때문입니다.

예를 들어 SMI handler를 이용한 fan control에서는 platform code가 일부 fan-control register에 uncachable access를 해야 할 수 있습니다. 이런 platform access에는 OS의 MTRR code가 필요하지 않지만, OS가 요청하는 mapping이 platform의 MTRR 설정과 일치하는지 확인하기 위한 `mtrr_type_lookup()`은 필요합니다.

MTRR을 platform firmware만 설정하고 OS가 특정 MTRR mapping을 요청하지 않는다면 `mtrr_type_lookup()`은 항상 `MTRR_TYPE_INVALID`를 반환해야 합니다. 자세한 내용은 `Documentation/arch/x86/pat.rst`를 참고하십시오.

legacy processor 지원과 interface

32-65

Intel P6 family processor(Pentium Pro, Pentium II 이후)에서는 Memory Type Range Register(MTRR)로 memory range에 대한 processor access를 제어할 수 있습니다. PCI 또는 AGP bus의 VGA card에서 특히 유용합니다. write-combining을 켜면 PCI/AGP bus로 burst하기 전에 여러 write transfer를 더 큰 transfer로 합쳐 image write 성능을 2.5배 이상 높일 수 있습니다.

Cyrix 6x86, 6x86MX, M II processor는 MTRR과 비슷한 Address Range Register(ARR)를 제공하며 ARR로 MTRR을 emulate합니다.

AMD K6-2 stepping 8 이상과 K6-3 processor는 지원되는 MTRR 2개를 제공합니다. AMD Athlon family는 Intel 방식 MTRR 8개를 제공합니다.

Centaur C6(WinChip)는 write-combining을 허용하는 MCR 8개를 제공하며 지원됩니다. VIA Cyrix III와 VIA C3 CPU도 Intel 방식 MTRR 8개를 제공합니다.

`CONFIG_MTRR` option은 MTRR을 조작할 수 있는 `/proc/mtrr` file을 만듭니다. 일반적으로 X server가 이를 사용해야 합니다. 다른 processor의 유사한 control register도 쉽게 지원할 수 있도록 interface는 충분히 generic하게 설계되었습니다.

`/proc/mtrr`에는 읽고 쓸 수 있는 ASCII interface와 `ioctl()` interface가 있습니다. ASCII interface는 administration용이고 `ioctl()` interface는 X server 같은 C program용입니다. 다음 구간에서 command와 C code 예시를 설명합니다.

shell에서 MTRR 읽기와 생성

66-113

현재 MTRR은 shell에서 다음과 같이 읽습니다.

% cat /proc/mtrr
reg00: base=0x00000000 (   0MB), size= 128MB: write-back, count=1
reg01: base=0x08000000 ( 128MB), size=  64MB: write-back, count=1

C-shell에서는 다음 명령으로 MTRR을 생성합니다.

# echo "base=0xf8000000 size=0x400000 type=write-combining" >! /proc/mtrr

bash에서는 다음 명령을 사용합니다.

# echo "base=0xf8000000 size=0x400000 type=write-combining" >| /proc/mtrr

생성 결과는 다음과 같습니다.

% cat /proc/mtrr
reg00: base=0x00000000 (   0MB), size= 128MB: write-back, count=1
reg01: base=0x08000000 ( 128MB), size=  64MB: write-back, count=1
reg02: base=0xf8000000 (3968MB), size=   4MB: write-combining, count=1

이 entry는 base address `0xf8000000`, 크기 4MB인 video RAM을 위한 것입니다. base address는 linear framebuffer address를 알려 주는 X server output에서 확인해야 합니다. 일반적인 line은 다음과 같습니다.

(--) S3: PCI: 968 rev 0, Linear FB @ 0xf8000000

X server가 framebuffer base address를 옮길 수 있으므로 다른 값이 아니라 X server가 보고한 값만 사용해야 합니다.

framebuffer 크기는 다음 line에서 확인할 수 있습니다.

(--) S3: videoram:  4096k

이는 4MB이며 hexadecimal byte 수로는 `0x400000`입니다. 문서 작성 당시 XFree86가 `ioctl()` interface로 `/proc/mtrr`을 자동 조작하게 하는 patch가 작성 중이었습니다. commercial X server를 사용한다면 vendor에 MTRR 지원 추가를 요청해야 합니다.

overlap MTRR 생성과 삭제

114-146

16MB write-combining range의 시작 4kB를 uncachable로 겹치게 만들려면 다음 명령을 사용합니다.

%echo "base=0xfb000000 size=0x1000000 type=write-combining" >/proc/mtrr
%echo "base=0xfb000000 size=0x1000 type=uncachable" >/proc/mtrr

결과는 다음과 같습니다.

% cat /proc/mtrr
reg00: base=0x00000000 (   0MB), size=  64MB: write-back, count=1
reg01: base=0xfb000000 (4016MB), size=  16MB: write-combining, count=1
reg02: base=0xfb000000 (4016MB), size=   4kB: uncachable, count=1

일부 card, 특히 Voodoo Graphics board는 region 시작의 4kB를 register에 사용하므로 이 범위를 제외해야 합니다.

`type=uncachable` region은 먼저 생성한 region이 `type=write-combining`일 때만 만들 수 있습니다.

C-shell에서 register 2를 비활성화하려면 다음 명령을 사용합니다.

% echo "disable=2" >! /proc/mtrr

bash에서는 다음 명령을 사용합니다.

% echo "disable=2" >| /proc/mtrr

C program에서 ioctl로 MTRR 읽기

147-245

`mtrr-show.c` 예제는 `/proc/mtrr`을 직접 읽는 대신 `/proc/mtrr` file descriptor에 `ioctl()`을 호출해 현재 MTRR 설정을 출력합니다. `struct mtrr_gentry`의 `regnum`을 0부터 증가시키며 `MTRRIOC_GET_ENTRY`가 성공하는 동안 각 register의 base, size, type을 표시합니다.

size가 1보다 작으면 disabled register로 출력합니다. `/proc/mtrr`이 없으면 MTRR이 지원되지 않거나 PPro가 아닐 수 있다는 message와 함께 종료하고, enumeration 끝의 `EINVAL`은 정상 종료로 처리합니다.

/*  mtrr-show.c

    Source file for mtrr-show (example program to show MTRRs using ioctl()'s)

    Copyright (C) 1997-1998  Richard Gooch

    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.

    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
    Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

    Richard Gooch may be reached by email at  [email protected]
    The postal address is:
      Richard Gooch, c/o ATNF, P. O. Box 76, Epping, N.S.W., 2121, Australia.
*/

/*
    This program will use an ioctl() on /proc/mtrr to show the current MTRR
    settings. This is an alternative to reading /proc/mtrr.


    Written by      Richard Gooch   17-DEC-1997

    Last updated by Richard Gooch   2-MAY-1998


*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <asm/mtrr.h>

#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0
#define ERRSTRING strerror (errno)

static char *mtrr_strings[MTRR_NUM_TYPES] =
{
    "uncachable",               /* 0 */
    "write-combining",          /* 1 */
    "?",                        /* 2 */
    "?",                        /* 3 */
    "write-through",            /* 4 */
    "write-protect",            /* 5 */
    "write-back",               /* 6 */
};

int main ()
{
    int fd;
    struct mtrr_gentry gentry;

    if ( ( fd = open ("/proc/mtrr", O_RDONLY, 0) ) == -1 )
    {
  if (errno == ENOENT)
  {
      fputs ("/proc/mtrr not found: not supported or you don't have a PPro?\n",
      stderr);
      exit (1);
  }
  fprintf (stderr, "Error opening /proc/mtrr\t%s\n", ERRSTRING);
  exit (2);
    }
    for (gentry.regnum = 0; ioctl (fd, MTRRIOC_GET_ENTRY, &gentry) == 0;
  ++gentry.regnum)
    {
  if (gentry.size < 1)
  {
      fprintf (stderr, "Register: %u disabled\n", gentry.regnum);
      continue;
  }
  fprintf (stderr, "Register: %u base: 0x%lx size: 0x%lx type: %s\n",
    gentry.regnum, gentry.base, gentry.size,
    mtrr_strings[gentry.type]);
    }
    if (errno == EINVAL) exit (0);
    fprintf (stderr, "Error doing ioctl(2) on /dev/mtrr\t%s\n", ERRSTRING);
    exit (3);
}   /*  End Function main  */

C program에서 ioctl로 MTRR 생성

246-354

`mtrr-add.c` 예제는 `/proc/mtrr`에 직접 쓰는 대신 `ioctl()`로 새 entry를 추가하며 첫 번째 available MTRR을 사용합니다. command line에서 `base`, `size`, `type` 세 argument를 받습니다.

문자열 type을 `MTRR_NUM_TYPES` 범위에서 찾아 `struct mtrr_sentry`에 저장하고 `/proc/mtrr`을 write-only로 엽니다. `MTRRIOC_ADD_ENTRY`로 entry를 추가한 뒤 5초간 sleep하고 file을 닫습니다. close되면 새 entry가 제거되었음을 알립니다.

/*  mtrr-add.c

    Source file for mtrr-add (example programme to add an MTRRs using ioctl())

    Copyright (C) 1997-1998  Richard Gooch

    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.

    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
    Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

    Richard Gooch may be reached by email at  [email protected]
    The postal address is:
      Richard Gooch, c/o ATNF, P. O. Box 76, Epping, N.S.W., 2121, Australia.
*/

/*
    This programme will use an ioctl() on /proc/mtrr to add an entry. The first
    available mtrr is used. This is an alternative to writing /proc/mtrr.


    Written by      Richard Gooch   17-DEC-1997

    Last updated by Richard Gooch   2-MAY-1998


*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <asm/mtrr.h>

#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0
#define ERRSTRING strerror (errno)

static char *mtrr_strings[MTRR_NUM_TYPES] =
{
    "uncachable",               /* 0 */
    "write-combining",          /* 1 */
    "?",                        /* 2 */
    "?",                        /* 3 */
    "write-through",            /* 4 */
    "write-protect",            /* 5 */
    "write-back",               /* 6 */
};

int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
    int fd;
    struct mtrr_sentry sentry;

    if (argc != 4)
    {
  fprintf (stderr, "Usage:\tmtrr-add base size type\n");
  exit (1);
    }
    sentry.base = strtoul (argv[1], NULL, 0);
    sentry.size = strtoul (argv[2], NULL, 0);
    for (sentry.type = 0; sentry.type < MTRR_NUM_TYPES; ++sentry.type)
    {
  if (strcmp (argv[3], mtrr_strings[sentry.type]) == 0) break;
    }
    if (sentry.type >= MTRR_NUM_TYPES)
    {
  fprintf (stderr, "Illegal type: \"%s\"\n", argv[3]);
  exit (2);
    }
    if ( ( fd = open ("/proc/mtrr", O_WRONLY, 0) ) == -1 )
    {
  if (errno == ENOENT)
  {
      fputs ("/proc/mtrr not found: not supported or you don't have a PPro?\n",
      stderr);
      exit (3);
  }
  fprintf (stderr, "Error opening /proc/mtrr\t%s\n", ERRSTRING);
  exit (4);
    }
    if (ioctl (fd, MTRRIOC_ADD_ENTRY, &sentry) == -1)
    {
  fprintf (stderr, "Error doing ioctl(2) on /dev/mtrr\t%s\n", ERRSTRING);
  exit (5);
    }
    fprintf (stderr, "Sleeping for 5 seconds so you can see the new entry\n");
    sleep (5);
    close (fd);
    fputs ("I've just closed /proc/mtrr so now the new entry should be gone\n",
    stderr);
}   /*  End Function main  */