요약·해설과 원문, 전문 번역을 서로 분리했습니다. API 이름, symbol, source path는 원문 표기를 사용합니다.
1. 요약·해설
원문의 핵심 논리와 kernel programming 관점의 보충 설명입니다. 아래의 전문 번역과는 별도로 작성했습니다.
RAS-DES error injection
debugfs-dwc-pcie:15-87TLP·DLLP CRC·sequence, ordered-set symbol·parity, flow-control credits와 duplicate·nullified TLP 등 30종 오류를 다음 data transmission에 주입하도록 controller를 준비합니다.
RAS-DES event counters
debugfs-dwc-pcie:89-142Controller에서 35종 event가 발생한 횟수를 선택적으로 계수합니다. Counter를 disable한 뒤 다시 enable하면 값을 reset합니다.
Lane-specific counter와 LTSSM state
debugfs-dwc-pcie:144-157Lane-specific events 1-11·34·35의 대상 lane을 선택하고 현재 PCIe LTSSM state를 문자열과 raw value로 읽습니다.
2. 영어 원문 전체
번역 기준이 된 Linux v6.18.37 원문입니다. 줄 번호는 이 버전의 파일 좌표입니다.
원문 전체 펼치기
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What: /sys/kernel/debug/dwc_pcie_<dev>/rasdes_debug/lane_detect
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Date: February 2025
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Contact: Shradha Todi <[email protected]>
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Description: (RW) Write the lane number to be checked for detection. Read
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will return whether PHY indicates receiver detection on the
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selected lane. The default selected lane is Lane0.
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What: /sys/kernel/debug/dwc_pcie_<dev>/rasdes_debug/rx_valid
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Date: February 2025
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Contact: Shradha Todi <[email protected]>
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Description: (RW) Write the lane number to be checked as valid or invalid.
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Read will return the status of PIPE RXVALID signal of the
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selected lane. The default selected lane is Lane0.
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What: /sys/kernel/debug/dwc_pcie_<dev>/rasdes_err_inj/<error>
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Date: February 2025
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Contact: Shradha Todi <[email protected]>
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Description: The "rasdes_err_inj" is a directory which can be used to inject
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errors into the system. The possible errors that can be injected
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are:
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1) tx_lcrc - TLP LCRC error injection TX Path
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2) b16_crc_dllp - 16b CRC error injection of ACK/NAK DLLP
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3) b16_crc_upd_fc - 16b CRC error injection of Update-FC DLLP
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4) tx_ecrc - TLP ECRC error injection TX Path
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5) fcrc_tlp - TLP's FCRC error injection TX Path
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6) parity_tsos - Parity error of TSOS
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7) parity_skpos - Parity error on SKPOS
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8) rx_lcrc - LCRC error injection RX Path
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9) rx_ecrc - ECRC error injection RX Path
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10) tlp_err_seq - TLPs SEQ# error
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11) ack_nak_dllp_seq - DLLPS ACK/NAK SEQ# error
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12) ack_nak_dllp - ACK/NAK DLLPs transmission block
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13) upd_fc_dllp - UpdateFC DLLPs transmission block
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14) nak_dllp - Always transmission for NAK DLLP
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15) inv_sync_hdr_sym - Invert SYNC header
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16) com_pad_ts1 - COM/PAD TS1 order set
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17) com_pad_ts2 - COM/PAD TS2 order set
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18) com_fts - COM/FTS FTS order set
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19) com_idl - COM/IDL E-idle order set
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20) end_edb - END/EDB symbol
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21) stp_sdp - STP/SDP symbol
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22) com_skp - COM/SKP SKP order set
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23) posted_tlp_hdr - Posted TLP Header credit value control
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24) non_post_tlp_hdr - Non-Posted TLP Header credit value control
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25) cmpl_tlp_hdr - Completion TLP Header credit value control
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26) posted_tlp_data - Posted TLP Data credit value control
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27) non_post_tlp_data - Non-Posted TLP Data credit value control
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28) cmpl_tlp_data - Completion TLP Data credit value control
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29) duplicate_tlp - Generates duplicate TLPs
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30) nullified_tlp - Generates Nullified TLPs
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(WO) Write to the attribute will prepare controller to inject
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the respective error in the next transmission of data.
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Parameter required to write will change in the following ways:
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- Errors 9 and 10 are sequence errors. The write command:
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echo <count> <diff> > /sys/kernel/debug/dwc_pcie_<dev>/rasdes_err_inj/<error>
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<count>
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Number of errors to be injected
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<diff>
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The difference to add or subtract from natural
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sequence number to generate sequence error.
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Allowed range from -4095 to 4095
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- Errors 23 to 28 are credit value error insertions. The write
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command:
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echo <count> <diff> <vc> > /sys/kernel/debug/dwc_pcie_<dev>/rasdes_err_inj/<error>
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<count>
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Number of errors to be injected
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<diff>
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The difference to add or subtract from UpdateFC
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credit value. Allowed range from -4095 to 4095
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<vc>
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Target VC number
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- All other errors. The write command:
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echo <count> > /sys/kernel/debug/dwc_pcie_<dev>/rasdes_err_inj/<error>
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<count>
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Number of errors to be injected
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What: /sys/kernel/debug/dwc_pcie_<dev>/rasdes_event_counters/<event>/counter_enable
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Date: February 2025
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Contact: Shradha Todi <[email protected]>
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Description: The "rasdes_event_counters" is the directory which can be used
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to collect statistical data about the number of times a certain
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event has occurred in the controller. The list of possible
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events are:
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1) EBUF Overflow
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2) EBUF Underrun
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3) Decode Error
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4) Running Disparity Error
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5) SKP OS Parity Error
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6) SYNC Header Error
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7) Rx Valid De-assertion
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8) CTL SKP OS Parity Error
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9) 1st Retimer Parity Error
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10) 2nd Retimer Parity Error
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11) Margin CRC and Parity Error
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12) Detect EI Infer
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13) Receiver Error
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14) RX Recovery Req
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15) N_FTS Timeout
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16) Framing Error
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17) Deskew Error
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18) Framing Error In L0
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19) Deskew Uncompleted Error
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20) Bad TLP
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21) LCRC Error
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22) Bad DLLP
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23) Replay Number Rollover
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24) Replay Timeout
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25) Rx Nak DLLP
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26) Tx Nak DLLP
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27) Retry TLP
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28) FC Timeout
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29) Poisoned TLP
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30) ECRC Error
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31) Unsupported Request
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32) Completer Abort
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33) Completion Timeout
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34) EBUF SKP Add
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35) EBUF SKP Del
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(RW) Write 1 to enable the event counter and write 0 to disable
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the event counter. Read will return whether the counter is
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currently enabled or disabled. Counter is disabled by default.
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What: /sys/kernel/debug/dwc_pcie_<dev>/rasdes_event_counters/<event>/counter_value
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Date: February 2025
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Contact: Shradha Todi <[email protected]>
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Description: (RO) Read will return the current value of the event counter.
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To reset the counter, counter should be disabled first and then
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enabled back using the "counter_enable" attribute.
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What: /sys/kernel/debug/dwc_pcie_<dev>/rasdes_event_counters/<event>/lane_select
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Date: February 2025
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Contact: Shradha Todi <[email protected]>
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Description: (RW) Some lanes in the event list are lane specific events.
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These include events from 1 to 11, as well as, 34 and 35. Write
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the lane number for which you wish the counter to be enabled,
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disabled, or value dumped. Read will return the current
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selected lane number. Lane0 is selected by default.
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What: /sys/kernel/debug/dwc_pcie_<dev>/ltssm_status
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Date: February 2025
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Contact: Hans Zhang <[email protected]>
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Description: (RO) Read will return the current PCIe LTSSM state in both
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string and raw value.
3. 한국어 전문 번역
영어 원문의 문단 순서와 의미를 유지한 전체 번역입니다. 코드, 함수명, symbol과 URL은 원문 표기를 유지합니다.
Lane detect와 PIPE RXVALID
1-13| What | Date / Contact | 설명 | 권한 |
|---|---|---|---|
| /sys/kernel/debug/dwc_pcie_<dev>/rasdes_debug/lane_detect | 2025년 2월 / Shradha Todi <[email protected]> | 검사할 lane number를 씁니다. 읽으면 선택한 lane에서 PHY가 receiver detection을 나타내는지 반환합니다. 기본 lane은 Lane0입니다. | RW |
| /sys/kernel/debug/dwc_pcie_<dev>/rasdes_debug/rx_valid | 2025년 2월 / Shradha Todi <[email protected]> | Valid 또는 invalid 상태를 검사할 lane number를 씁니다. 읽으면 선택한 lane의 PIPE RXVALID signal status를 반환합니다. 기본 lane은 Lane0입니다. | RW |
주입할 수 있는 30종 RAS-DES errors
15-52| 항목 | 내용 |
|---|---|
| What | /sys/kernel/debug/dwc_pcie_<dev>/rasdes_err_inj/<error> |
| Date | 2025년 2월 |
| Contact | Shradha Todi <[email protected]> |
rasdes_err_inj directory에서 다음 errors를 system에 주입할 수 있습니다.
| 번호 | Error | 설명 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | tx_lcrc | TX path TLP LCRC error injection |
| 2 | b16_crc_dllp | ACK/NAK DLLP의 16-bit CRC error injection |
| 3 | b16_crc_upd_fc | Update-FC DLLP의 16-bit CRC error injection |
| 4 | tx_ecrc | TX path TLP ECRC error injection |
| 5 | fcrc_tlp | TX path TLP FCRC error injection |
| 6 | parity_tsos | TSOS parity error |
| 7 | parity_skpos | SKPOS parity error |
| 8 | rx_lcrc | RX path LCRC error injection |
| 9 | rx_ecrc | RX path ECRC error injection |
| 10 | tlp_err_seq | TLP sequence number error |
| 11 | ack_nak_dllp_seq | DLLP ACK/NAK sequence number error |
| 12 | ack_nak_dllp | ACK/NAK DLLP transmission block |
| 13 | upd_fc_dllp | UpdateFC DLLP transmission block |
| 14 | nak_dllp | NAK DLLP를 항상 전송 |
| 15 | inv_sync_hdr_sym | SYNC header 반전 |
| 16 | com_pad_ts1 | COM/PAD TS1 ordered set |
| 17 | com_pad_ts2 | COM/PAD TS2 ordered set |
| 18 | com_fts | COM/FTS FTS ordered set |
| 19 | com_idl | COM/IDL E-idle ordered set |
| 20 | end_edb | END/EDB symbol |
| 21 | stp_sdp | STP/SDP symbol |
| 22 | com_skp | COM/SKP SKP ordered set |
| 23 | posted_tlp_hdr | Posted TLP Header credit value control |
| 24 | non_post_tlp_hdr | Non-Posted TLP Header credit value control |
| 25 | cmpl_tlp_hdr | Completion TLP Header credit value control |
| 26 | posted_tlp_data | Posted TLP Data credit value control |
| 27 | non_post_tlp_data | Non-Posted TLP Data credit value control |
| 28 | cmpl_tlp_data | Completion TLP Data credit value control |
| 29 | duplicate_tlp | Duplicate TLPs 생성 |
| 30 | nullified_tlp | Nullified TLPs 생성 |
Error type별 write parameters
53-87Attribute에 쓰면 controller가 다음 data transmission에서 해당 error를 주입하도록 준비합니다. 권한은 WO입니다.
원문 분류상 errors 9와 10은 sequence errors이며 다음 형식을 사용합니다.
echo <count> <diff> > /sys/kernel/debug/dwc_pcie_<dev>/rasdes_err_inj/<error>| 인자 | 의미 |
|---|---|
| <count> | 주입할 error 수 |
| <diff> | 자연스러운 sequence number에 더하거나 빼서 sequence error를 만들 차이. 허용 범위 -4095..4095 |
Errors 23..28은 credit value error insertion이며 다음 형식을 사용합니다.
echo <count> <diff> <vc> > /sys/kernel/debug/dwc_pcie_<dev>/rasdes_err_inj/<error>| 인자 | 의미 |
|---|---|
| <count> | 주입할 error 수 |
| <diff> | UpdateFC credit value에 더하거나 뺄 차이. 허용 범위 -4095..4095 |
| <vc> | Target VC number |
그 밖의 모든 errors는 count만 씁니다.
echo <count> > /sys/kernel/debug/dwc_pcie_<dev>/rasdes_err_inj/<error>Sequence error→count + diff→Arm controller→Next data transmission
Credit error 23..28→count + diff + VC→Arm controller→Next data transmission
Other error→count→Arm controller→Next data transmission
Error category에 맞는 parameters를 쓰면 즉시 packet을 생성하는 대신 controller가 다음 transmission에 적용할 injection을 준비한다.
계수할 수 있는 35종 controller events
89-132| 항목 | 내용 |
|---|---|
| What | /sys/kernel/debug/dwc_pcie_<dev>/rasdes_event_counters/<event>/counter_enable |
| Date | 2025년 2월 |
| Contact | Shradha Todi <[email protected]> |
rasdes_event_counters directory는 controller에서 특정 event가 발생한 횟수의 statistical data를 수집합니다.
| 번호 | Event |
|---|---|
| 1 | EBUF Overflow |
| 2 | EBUF Underrun |
| 3 | Decode Error |
| 4 | Running Disparity Error |
| 5 | SKP OS Parity Error |
| 6 | SYNC Header Error |
| 7 | Rx Valid De-assertion |
| 8 | CTL SKP OS Parity Error |
| 9 | 1st Retimer Parity Error |
| 10 | 2nd Retimer Parity Error |
| 11 | Margin CRC and Parity Error |
| 12 | Detect EI Infer |
| 13 | Receiver Error |
| 14 | RX Recovery Req |
| 15 | N_FTS Timeout |
| 16 | Framing Error |
| 17 | Deskew Error |
| 18 | Framing Error In L0 |
| 19 | Deskew Uncompleted Error |
| 20 | Bad TLP |
| 21 | LCRC Error |
| 22 | Bad DLLP |
| 23 | Replay Number Rollover |
| 24 | Replay Timeout |
| 25 | Rx Nak DLLP |
| 26 | Tx Nak DLLP |
| 27 | Retry TLP |
| 28 | FC Timeout |
| 29 | Poisoned TLP |
| 30 | ECRC Error |
| 31 | Unsupported Request |
| 32 | Completer Abort |
| 33 | Completion Timeout |
| 34 | EBUF SKP Add |
| 35 | EBUF SKP Del |
counter_enable에 1을 쓰면 enable, 0을 쓰면 disable합니다. 읽으면 현재 enable 여부를 반환합니다. 기본값은 disabled이며 권한은 RW입니다.
Counter value, lane selection, LTSSM
137-157| What | Date / Contact | 설명 | 권한 |
|---|---|---|---|
| /sys/kernel/debug/dwc_pcie_<dev>/rasdes_event_counters/<event>/counter_value | 2025년 2월 / Shradha Todi <[email protected]> | 현재 event counter 값을 반환합니다. Reset하려면 counter_enable에서 먼저 disable한 뒤 다시 enable해야 합니다. | RO |
| /sys/kernel/debug/dwc_pcie_<dev>/rasdes_event_counters/<event>/lane_select | 2025년 2월 / Shradha Todi <[email protected]> | Lane-specific events 1..11과 34·35에 사용할 lane number를 씁니다. Enable·disable·value dump가 선택 lane에 적용됩니다. 읽으면 현재 lane을 반환하며 기본값은 Lane0입니다. | RW |
| /sys/kernel/debug/dwc_pcie_<dev>/ltssm_status | 2025년 2월 / Hans Zhang <[email protected]> | 현재 PCIe LTSSM state를 문자열과 raw value로 반환합니다. | RO |
lane_select→Lane 0..N→counter_enable = 1→Count events→Read counter_value
counter_enable = 0→Counter disabled→counter_enable = 1→Counter reset and enabled
ltssm_status→State string→Raw state value
Lane-specific event는 lane을 먼저 고른 뒤 counter를 enable한다. Disable 후 re-enable은 새 측정을 시작하면서 기존 count를 reset한다.
Lane receiver detection과 RXVALID
debugfs-dwc-pcie:1-13선택한 lane의 PHY receiver detection과 PIPE RXVALID signal 상태를 읽으며 기본 선택은 Lane0입니다.